
Ethereum represents the gateway to a worldwide, decentralized computing paradigm. This platform enables you to run decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts that have no central points of failure or control, integrate with a payment network, and operate on an open blockchain. With this practical guide, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood provide everything you need to know about building smart contracts and DApps on Ethereum and other virtual-machine blockchains.

Discover why IBM, Microsoft, NASDAQ, and hundreds of other organizations are experimenting with Ethereum. This essential guide shows you how to develop the skills necessary to be an innovator in this growing and exciting new industry.

A guide to the operation and use of Ethereum and other EVM-compatible blockchains.

Mastering Ethereum


The story of the idealists, technologists, and opportunists fighting to bring cryptocurrency to the masses.

In their short history, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have gone through booms, busts, and internecine wars, recently reaching a market valuation of more than $2 trillion. The central promise of crypto endures—vast fortunes made from decentralized networks not controlled by any single entity and not yet regulated by many governments.

The recent growth of crypto would have been all but impossible if not for a brilliant young man named Vitalik Buterin and his creation: Ethereum. In this book, Laura Shin takes readers inside the founding of this novel cryptocurrency network, which enabled users to launch their own new coins, thus creating a new crypto fever. She introduces readers to larger-than-life characters like Buterin, the Web3 wunderkind; his short-lived CEO, Charles Hoskinson; and Joe Lubin, a former Goldman Sachs VP who became one of crypto’s most well-known billionaires. Sparks fly as these outsized personalities fight for their piece of a seemingly limitless new business opportunity.

This fascinating book shows the crypto market for what it really is: a deeply personal struggle to influence the coming revolution in money, culture, and power.

Idealism, Greed, Lies, and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze

The Cryptopians


Tokens - often referred to as cryptocurrencies - can represent anything from an asset to an access right, such as gold, diamonds, a fraction of a Picasso painting or an entry ticket to a concert. Tokens could also be used to reward social media contributions, incentivize the reduction of CO2 emissions, or even ones attention for watching an ad. While it has become easy to create a token, which is collectively managed by a public Web3 infrastructure like a blockchain network, the understanding of how to apply these tokens is still vague.

The industry keeps referring to “Blockchain” as different from “Bitcoin,” creating an artificial divide that is often misleading. There seems to be too little understanding about the fact that Bitcoin is a blockchain network, which is (a) globally managed by people who mostly do not know each other, and (b) enabled by the consensus protocol that (c) incentivizes all network actors for their contributions with a native token. The governance rules are tied to the minting of a native blockchain token. The Bitcoin token can, therefore, be seen as the currency of a distributed Internet tribe, called the Bitcoin network, where network actors are rewarded with Bitcoins, just as the Ether is the currency of the distributed Internet tribe Ethereum network, or Sia is the native currency of the Sia network. The Bitcoin network and other distributed ledgers all represent a collectively maintained public infrastructure and are the backbone of the next generation Internet, what the crypto community refers to as the Web3.

This book attempts to summarize existing knowledge about blockchain networks and other distributed ledgers as the backbone of the Web3, and contextualize the socio-economic implications of the Web3 applications such as smart contracts, tokens, and DAOs to the concepts of money, economics, governance and decentralized finance (DeFi).

Token Economy


Learn to Code Blockchain DApps By Building Simple Games

CryptoZombies is an interactive school that teaches you all things technical about blockchains. Learn to make smart contracts in Solidity or Libra by making your own crypto-collectibles game.

#1 Solidity Tutorial & Ethereum Blockchain Programming Course

CryptoZombies


More and more DeFi projects on Ethereum are getting hacked. This is your chance to join the party.

Each challenge can be considered standalone. Depending on the challenge, you should either stop the system from working, steal as much funds as you can, or do some other unexpected things.

Put your black hat on, and break some DeFi projects on Ethereum!

Damn Vulnerable DeFi


This is an interactive tutorial website for learning Vyper while building games using smart contracts, similar to Cryptozombies.

VyperFun


If you're a dev that's curious about crypto but not sure where to start -- this is the spot for you. Get access to project-based courses you'll love.

Learn about crypto by building cool stuff.

_buildspace


Learn How to Build a Crypto Company

The course videos from a16z’s Crypto Startup School, held in the spring of 2020, are now available to all.

Use the hours of free videos and the reading materials, to navigate the idea maze and start building crypto projects.

Hours of videos, lectures, presentations, real-world insights and fireside chats from some of the best minds in the crypto space.

a16z Crypto Startup School


Blockchain is an exciting new discipline in Computer Science. It combines a wide array of skills from math and cryptography to social sciences and understanding organizations. Understanding blockchain decentralization and how/where to apply it is a brand new skill that very few have mastered.

You will build your skills from the ground up with strong fundamentals that will provide you with the ability to adapt in this rapidly evolving ecosystem.

Choose From Multiple Paths to Begin Your Ethereum Coding Journey.

Fast-track your Ethereum Developer career in an instructor-led and challenging bootcamp focused on discussion and application!

ChainShot


This is an initiative for the early solidity developers by those who were early developers sometime.

In this approach, we are looking to categorize the smart contract according to the difficulty level in multiple standards. For now, we are keeping the standard 0 to 5(can be discussed).

This initiative needs great support from Blockchain enthusiast, developer and researchers to build this school in a way which can attract learners and provide them ease for development.

First place for early developers to learn Solidity 

solidity-school


Blockchain has emerged from the once shadowy world of cryptocurrency to become [the most in-demand skill in 2020](https://business.linkedin.com/talent-solutions/blog/trends-and-research/2020/most-in-demand-hard-and-soft-skills), according to LinkedIn. The promise of blockchain is huge. And large companies are continuing to hire and expand their blockchain teams, incl. Facebook, Amazon, Microsft, EY, Deloitte, IBM, and Oracle, to name a few. So, it should be well worth the effort to become familiar with how blockchain works, what its perceived benefits are, and as a developer starting building on top of them. 

Over the past few years, I’ve been helping and on-boarding new team members and developers into the blockchain space. This helped me to collect blogs, links, materials, and resources and see which worked well for everyone’s learning journey. It’s time to share that with a broader audience. This guide provides a starting point for developers who’re keen to learn more about blockchain and development on top of Ethereum. It will be opinionated and not contain a full list of everything available. But rather, a concise list of highly recommended options, from my own experiences. 

1. Blockchain foundations
1. Ethereum 101
1. Ethereum Development, Smart contracts & DApps 

# 1. Blockchain foundations 

New to blockchain? Let's start with a bit of the history and its foundations that motivated the creation and development of blockchain.

- [A Cyberphunk's Manifesto](https://www.activism.net/cypherpunk/manifesto.html), Eric Hughes
- [Why decentralization matters](https://onezero.medium.com/why-decentralization-matters-5e3f79f7638e), Chris Dixon
- [The Promise of the Blockchain](https://vimeo.com/161183966) (VIDEO), Vinay Gupta
- [The shift from open platforms to digital commons](http://www.bollier.org/blog/shift-open-platforms-digital-commons), David Bollier
- [Deconfusing decentralization](https://youtu.be/7S1IqaSLrq8) (VIDEO), Greg Slepak


# 2. Ethereum 101 

Now that we have an understanding where we're coming from, let's dive in a little bit deeper into the fundamental components & building blocks.

- [Bitcoin Whitepaper](https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf), Satoshi Nakamoto - the original whitepaper that started the current trend in blockchain technology: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
- [Ethereum Whitepaper](https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/), Vitalik Buterin - a next-generation smart contract & decentralized application platform
- [Ethereum Yellowpaper](https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), Gavin Wood - a more technical version of the Ethereum whitepaper
- [Smart Contracts](https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart.contracts.html), Nick Szabo
- [Ethereum in 25 mins](https://youtu.be/mCzyDLanA7s) (VIDEO), Vitalik Buterin
- [How does Ethereum work, anyway](https://www.preethikasireddy.com/post/how-does-ethereum-work-anyway), Preethi Kasireddy
- [Mastering Ethereum](https://amzn.to/2VZvfz8) (BOOK), Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood. Or view on [Github](https://github.com/ethereumbook/ethereumbook)


# 3. Ethereum Development 


Once you've gone through all (or at least most) of the above, you should have a solid grasp of all the concepts. So now we can finally move on to the fun part: actually building stuff! 

To get a full, comprehensive overview of the Ethereum development landscape, check out:
- [Ethereum Developers](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/)
- [The full ConsenSys developer tool list](https://github.com/ConsenSys/ethereum-developer-tools-list)

The Ethereum portal covers sections per programming language, to help you filter out what's relevant for you. Though JavaScript is most commonly used, I'd start with something that you're already familiar with, to flatten the learning curve. Use the above only for future reference. As mentioned previously, I'm trying to keep it simple and offer a few recommended options, from my own experiences. Feel free to discover, try, and learn everything from the developer portals, once you've covered these.

## Other resources

Explore this site to learn more from 

- [🎓 Courses](https://www.useweb3.xyz/courses)
- [📚 Books](https://www.useweb3.xyz/books)
- [💻 Tutorials](https://www.useweb3.xyz/tutorials)
- [🏗️ Starter kits](https://www.useweb3.xyz/starter-kits)
- And more..


This guide provides a starting point for developers who’re keen to learn more about Web3

Beginners Guide to Web3


## What is a smart contract?

Smart contracts are the backbone of decentralized applications (DApps) and Web3. A smart contract is a simple program that lives on a blockchain network (such as Ethereum). They're actually not that smart. And nothing like a (legal) contract. They’re more like an executable piece of code that requires input or an trigger from an external source. They can validate those input conditions and if correct, execute their own logic to update the state on a blockchain.

## Benefits

They often serve the following purposes:
- Store and maintain data
- Manage relationships with users, or other contracts

Benefits of smart contracts are
- Immutable - once deployed none can change them
- Composable - they’re public and anyone can interact with them, or build on top of them. Much like public APIs

## Resources

The following resources have been the most popular resources on the site for a long time. These are all highly recommend to start learning about Solidity


### 1. Official Solidity website
The most obvious resources is ofcourse the official website and documentation of the Solidity team itself. The Solidity team covers all the core concepts and fundamentals of Solidity and smart contracts in general. Highly recommended

https://soliditylang.org/


### 2. Solidity by Example
The second one on the list is Solidity by Example. A great collection of more pratical examples, incl. source code and supporting videos.

https://solidity-by-example.org/


### 3. CryptoZombies 
CryptoZombies is an interactive school that teaches you all things technical about blockchains. A fun and interactive way to write smart contracts in Solidity by making your own crypto-collectibles game.

https://cryptozombies.io/


### 4. Speedrun Ethereum

Speedrun Ethereum helps you get to the next level. It teaches you how to build on Ethereum; the superpowers and the gotchas while you build up your Web3 portfolio. If you like this, also make sure to check out the other work of the amazing [Austin Griffith](https://twitter.com/austingriffith) such as [ETH-build](https://eth.build/) and [Scaffold-eth](https://scaffoldeth.io/).

https://speedrunethereum.com/


### 5. Smart Contract Best Practices 

Smart contracts are complex instruments that have the authority to allocate high-value resources between complex systems. Often working autonomously. With huge financial loss at risk. This makes them critical components in these systems. Development of such components requires thoughtful design, solid engineering practices, rigorous testing and a strong security mindset. This document provides a baseline knowledge of security considerations.

https://consensys.github.io/smart-contract-best-practices/


## Other resources

If you'd like to read more, make sure to checkout all the other [Solidity](/tags/smart%20contracts) resources on the site.

Solidity is a programming language designed for developing smart contracts that run on Ethereum. It's the most in demand skill in the Web3 space. These are the best resources to help you learn more about it.

Best resources to learn Solidity


Web3 is about the next evolution of the web. A web that is more open, transparent and permissionless and runs on decentralized infrastructure such as blockchains. Global and decentralized applications (DApps) that anyone can interact with. They often have native assets integrated (such as Ether) to transact value, but are not just about money or payments. These decentralized applications offer a range of digitial services, such as storage, bandwidth and computation without any risk of downtime, censorship, fraud, or 3rd-party interference.

## Benefits

- **Open** - in that they are built from open-source software, by an open and accessible community of developers and executed in full view of the world. 
- **Trustless** - in that the network itself allows participants to interact publicly, or privately without a trusted third party
- **Permissionless** - in that anyone, both users and suppliers, can participate without authorisation from a governing body


## Opportunities

- Financial Tools (payments, fund raising, lending, borrowing,..)
- Identity solutions (self-sovereign, decentralized identifiers,..) 
- More secure voting and governance mechanisms
- Efficient resources management (CO2 tracking, smart grid’s,..)
- Digital ownership registries (e.g. land, collectibles, NFT’s,..)
- Supply chain tracking


## Web3 Development

[useWeb3](https://www.useweb3.xyz/) is a learning platform for developers to explore and learn about Web3. Whether you’re a new dev getting your hands dirty for the first time, or a seasoned developer making the transition into the Web3 space. 

Explore the latest resources, tutorials, challenges, tools, courses and boilerplates and start learning. Once you’re ready, browse the job board to land a job at some of the leading companies that work on core, open-source infrastructure, products, tools, frameworks, DAO's, etc.


## Further reading

- [A Cyberphunk's Manifesto](https://www.activism.net/cypherpunk/manifesto.html), Eric Hughes
- [The Meaning of Decentralization](https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/the-meaning-of-decentralization-a0c92b76a274), Vitalik Buterin
- [Why decentralization matters](https://onezero.medium.com/why-decentralization-matters-5e3f79f7638e), Chris Dixon
- [What Is Web 3.0 & Why It Matters](https://medium.com/fabric-ventures/what-is-web-3-0-why-it-matters-934eb07f3d2b), Max Mersch and Richard Muirhead
- [What exactly is Web3?](https://youtu.be/l44z35vabvA), Juan Benet (VIDEO)


Web3 is about the next evolution of the web. A web that is more open, transparent and decentralized.

What is Web3


Create Eth App supports multiple frontend frameworks. It comes with a host of decentralized finance templates pre-filled with contract ABIs, addresses and subgraphs. Everything you need to build a modern Ethereum-powered single-page app.

- Learning how to write Ethereum-powered apps in a comfortable and feature-rich development environment.
- Starting new Ethereum-powered single-page React applications without wasting time on copy-pasting boilerplates
- Creating examples with React for your Ethereum-related libraries and components.

Create Ethereum-powered apps with one command

Create Eth App


Everything you need to build on Ethereum!

Quickly experiment with Solidity using a frontend that adapts to your smart contract

Forkable Ethereum dev stack focused on fast product iterations

Scaffold-ETH


Introduces great features:

- React hooks - Uses React hooks as your primary building ingredient
- Auto refresh - Refreshes on a new block, wallet change or network change
- Multicall - Combines multiple blockchain calls into a single multicall

Combines the best practices:
- Modern stack - Employs ethers.js, web3-react, multicall & waffle
- Extendability - Extends easily with custom hooks
- Testability - Simple integration tests for UI and blockchain

Framework for rapid Dapp development. Simple. Robust. Extendable. Testable

useDapp


Becoming a blockchain engineer is the most fun, rewarding, and exhilarating choice I’ve and my colleagues have ever made. And we’ve already blazed the trail for you to get started! In this article, we will show you exactly how to learn to become a blockchain engineer, from beginner to professional.

Spoiler alert, here is the exact blueprint we are going to cover to get you to a successful blockchain engineer:

1. Understand why you should become a blockchain engineer
2. Take a Blockchain Course
3. Join a Hackathon, the Community, & Build
4. Start your own protocol, Take a job, Freelance & Contribute

If you make it this far, you’ve done it! Although, I’ll add a bonus step 5 that we will talk about soon.

5. You’ve made it! Keep learning!

That’s it! These are the exact steps you need to take to become a blockchain engineer!

Become a blockchain, solidity, and smart contract engineer by following these steps

Become a Blockchain Engineer


Odds are you’ve heard about the Ethereum blockchain, whether or not you know what it is. It’s been in the news a lot lately, including the cover of some major magazines, but reading those articles can be like gibberish if you don’t have a foundation for what exactly Ethereum is. So what is it? In essence, a public database that keeps a permanent record of digital transactions. Importantly, this database doesn’t require any central authority to maintain and secure it. Instead it operates as a “trustless” transactional system — a framework in which individuals can make peer-to-peer transactions without needing to trust a third party OR one another.

Still confused? That’s where this post comes in. My aim is to explain how Ethereum functions at a technical level, without complex math or scary-looking formulas. Even if you’re not a programmer, I hope you’ll walk away with at least better grasp of the tech. If some parts are too technical and difficult to grok, that’s totally fine! There’s really no need to understand every little detail. I recommend just focusing on understanding things at a broad level.

Many of the topics covered in this post are a breakdown of the concepts discussed in the yellow paper. I’ve added my own explanations and diagrams to make understanding Ethereum easier. Those brave enough to take on the technical challenge can also read the Ethereum yellow paper.

Many of the topics covered in this post are a breakdown of the concepts discussed in the yellow paper. I’ve added my own explanations and diagrams to make it easier.

How does Ethereum work, anyway?


I recently joined Edge & Node as a Developer Relations Engineer and have been diving deeper into smart contract development with Ethereum. I have settled upon what I think is the best stack for building full stack dApps with Solidity:

▶︎ Client Framework - React
▶︎ Ethereum development environment - Hardhat
▶︎ Ethereum Web Client Library - Ethers.js
▶︎ API layer - The Graph Protocol

Building Full Stack dApps with React, Ethers.js, Solidity, and Hardhat

The Complete Guide to Full Stack Ethereum Development


Educational sandbox for building on web3. Visually understand how Ethereum works by doing.

ETH.Build


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyMwXuJrbJQ

This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts in blockchain, smart contracts, solidity, NFTs/ERC721s, ERC20s, Coding Decentralized Finance (DeFi), javascript and solidity, Chainlink, Ethereum, upgradable smart contracts, and full stack blockchain development.   

Some of the technologies covered are:
- The Graph
- Chainlink
- Metamask
- Alchemy
- Remix
- Hardhat
- Solidity
- Openzeppelin
- Trail of Bits
- Ganache
- Ethers
- Etherscan
- Coinmarketcap
- Aave
- IPFS
- Fleek.hq
- Filecoin
- NextJS
- Moralis
- Web3uikit
- Opensea
- Pinata
- Nft.storage

 And more!

Follow along with the videos and you'll be a blockchain wizard in no time!  💻 The repository with helpful links to all code, resources, and support forums is located here: https://github.com/smartcontractkit/full-blockchain-solidity-course-js.

This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts related to blockchain, smart contracts, Solidity, ERC20s, full-stack Web3 dapps, decentralized finance (DeFi), JavaScript, TypeScript, Chainlink, Ethereum, upgradable smart contracts, DAOs, the graph, moralis, aave, IPFS, and more. Follow along with the videos and you'll be a blockchain wizard in no time!

Learn Blockchain, Solidity, and Full Stack Web3 Development with JavaScript – 32-Hour Course


Learning Solidity with a collection of YouTube videos and example code.

Learning Solidity


Here we collect and discuss the best DeFi & Blockchain researches and tools 

DeFi Developer roadmap


Nowadays there are countless well-made resources on how to learn blockchain development of all kinds and with different specializations in mind, however, it is still very hard to get guidance and personalized suggestions based on your interests. I am writing this guide in order to provide an aggregator of all the resources that I’ve found over the years, plus give some opinionated commentary on how to approach them and how to use them in order to maximize learning and practical understanding in order to get building cool things in the space as soon as possible.

This guide will focus on the Ethereum ecosystem as that’s where most developers and applications are. If you are interested in other ecosystems that are non-EVM compatible and are not L2s on Ethereum, then check out their respective documentation or guides written by their developer communities. Examples of other non-EVM compatible blockchains that are popular are Solana (Rust/Anchor), Polkadot (Rust/Substrate), Cosmos, Terra, and others. Most of these blockchains do or will support the EVM stack through various initiatives like Neon EVM (Solana), Moonbeam/Moonriver (Polkadot/Kusama), EVMOS (Cosmos), etc.

I really want this guide to become a community-sourced public good that everyone will be able to take advantage of. I will do my best to present it to the wider blockchain developer community to get constructive feedback, proofreading help, and insight into how to make it the best available guide available.

devpill.me


This document provides a baseline knowledge of security considerations for intermediate Solidity programmers. It is maintained by ConsenSys Diligence, with contributions from our friends in the broader Ethereum community.

A guide to Ethereum smart contract security best practices

Smart Contract Best Practices

See https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/5463

good first issue

in discussion

eipw

Rust

Add support for adoptable front matter attribute

Referenced in https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/pull/13162#discussion_r939153742  .

At the moment, the compiler as several Error types ( for eg. Exception, Internal compiler error, Compiler Error ) that seem to be redundant. 

The task here is to decide which of the error types can be removed and refactor the code accordingly.



low effort

low impact

nice to have

refactor

Solidity, the Smart Contract Programming Language

solidity

Remove redundant Error Types from codebase

Feedback from user MarcTheMauler (discord):

> Hello,
> I am currently running nethermind and prysm... on the same machine... windows OS.
> I have everything working well, connecting the beacon node to nethermind using HTTP.
> I have been trying to figure out how to get IPC working (so I don't have to deal with the JWT token, post merge).
> 
> This is what I have in my config file for nethermind:
> 
> },
> "JsonRpc": {
>    "Enabled": true,
>    "Timeout": 20000,
>    "Host": "127.0.0.1",
>    "Port": 8545,
>    "IpcUnixDomainSocketPath": "pipe/nethermind.ipc"
> },
> 
> A question on this... the nethermind documentation says "path to IPC".... I just made up that path... and when I run this, I can go in windows explorer to that path, and I find a file that is created called nethermind.ipc.   Is this step correct?  Or is there actually an IPC somewhere that I'm supposed to be pointing to?  (I'm self-taught... I have no idea how IPC actually works).
> 
> So in my beacon-node, I'm running this command to connect:
> --http-web3provider=\localhost/pipe/nethermind.ipc
> 
> I get an error that says "Could not connect to execution endpoint.  Error=Timed out waiting for pipe to become available.  Could not dial execution node.
> 
> I have tried MANY different path syntax in the beacon node (change / and \ , putting full directory paths, etc).  Its possible I haven't tried the right combination though?  I reached out to the prysm team, and seems they are stumped on this.  I'm sure Windows is part of the issue, but its what I'm comfortable with.
> 
> For reference, my directory structure is:
> D: drive
> Subfolder -> ethereum
> Subfolders -> consensus; execution
> Inside Execution is Nethermind.... so the official file path (windows format) to the IPC file I see created is D:\ethereum\execution\pipe\nethermind.ipc
> 
> Prysm is located in D:\ethereum\consensus\prysm, and that is the directory from which I am executing prysm commands (if that impacts the origin for it to establish file path to the IPC?)
> 
> Any advice?  Or do I just need to forget IPC, and work on configuring a JWT token? 
> If it helps,
> When I connect to nethermind using HTTP.... this is the command I run in prysm, and it works:
> --http-web3provider=http://localhost:8545/
> 
> Also... if it helps... from the prysm documentation:
> ![unknown](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/77129288/185109636-9474a8c2-080c-4a20-ac8b-b1165d2d29da.png)
> I have successfully used IPC while using Geth... but I had a lot of other Windows compatibility issues with Geth, so I changed to nethermind, which is working much better with Windows.

configuration

themerge

Our flagship Ethereum client for Linux, Windows, and macOS—full and actively developed.

nethermind

Connecting with CL via IPC

See default here:
https://github.com/web3well/bls-wallet/blob/6683623/extension/source/QuillStorageCells.ts#L88
(How this is defined is in flux right now so it might look different when you view this.)

Using this technique:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56393880/how-do-i-detect-dark-mode-using-javascript/57795495#57795495

(Based on this PR comment: https://github.com/web3well/bls-wallet/pull/273#discussion_r938564522)

extension

Core components to use layer 2 smart contract wallets with the BLS signature scheme

bls-wallet

TypeScript

Use system setting as initial value for theme

We have different branches of logic happening on PowchainService constructor related to the decorator-based instantiation of Eth1Provider. Also, the initialization logic in the way it is implemented makes unit testing harder.

Maybe moving Eth1Provider wrapped logic into its own builder or something like that would make it easier to test. We could also take a look at the whole constructor and give it some love.

TeamCentaur

Java Implementation of the Ethereum 2.0 Beacon Chain

teku

Java

Cleanup PowchainService and Eth1Provider initialization

Add the new subcommand to Cast, Forge and Anvil, and add example usage to the autocomplete guide.

See https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/pull/2736

A-forge

A-cast

A-reference

T-new

A-anvil

A book on all things Foundry, available at https://book.getfoundry.sh.

book

Solidity

Document Fig autocomplete

CI for deploying to crates.io when a release is created, use the `CARGO_API_KEY` env var to authenticate

enhancement

help wanted

hyper-alpn

feat: CD for deploying to crates.io

**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**

I noticed in #7419 that we still have some article titles that are not being translated. 

You can see [The Merge page](https://ethereum.org/zh/upgrades/merge/#read-more) is entirely untranslated

**Describe the solution you'd like**

Ensure all article titles and descriptions are added to and fetched from JSON files so they can be translated.

**Additional context**

Might it make sense to have all articles in their own JSON file? We don't want to duplicate translations and probably don't want to reach into page-specific JSON files for translation strings on other pages.

**Want to contribute?**

We love contributions from the Ethereum community! Please comment on an issue if you're interested in helping out with a PR.


feature :sparkles:

Ethereum.org is a primary online resource for the Ethereum community.

ethereum-org-website

Markdown

Ensure all article titles in Javascript pages are translated

Currently errors that are logged at `ERROR` print stack traces which should not happen.

juno

Avoid logging stack traces for non-fatal errors

Add an example to the Solidity Scripting section, and explain how it works under the hood.

ref https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/issues/2518#issuecomment-1212028294

T-enhancement

Document how `create2` works during scripting

Also document quirks in the .env implementation, like spaces not being supported in unquoted env vars: https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/issues/2610

Document .env

Currently we use actors for everything. It's used both for inter-peer communication, inside Kura, and with work done by @SamHSmith still significantly prevalent in Sumeragi. 

However, actors need to be used with care. `actin_web` is a notorious example of a library moving away from actors. 

We should consider the following three options: 
1. Remove the actor system entirely. Prefer explicit interactions. This may save us a lot of overhead, not just because we don't use actors, but also, because the API will no longer require `async` in many places (especially places where a simple synchronous function would have been more effective). 
2. Remove parts of the actor system. This approach can be adopted as an intermediate step to option 1. Given that we have profiling, we can see if the actor system really benefits us in any case. 
3. Retain the actor system, but adjust its API. This is a conservative option. 
4. Retain the current actor system as is, with minor optimisations. 

@mversic @s8sato @SamHSmith @Erigara @ilchu your input would be welcome. 

question

iroha2

Iroha - A simple, enterprise-grade decentralized ledger

iroha

Reconsider the actor model

As an aggregator operator (and maybe consumer), I would like to know why a bundle has not been submitted so I can more easily troubleshoot issues with my aggregator configuration or bundles I submit.

### Possible solution(s)
- Log out when a bundle fails to be included in the next submission and why it was not included.
- Return an error/failure status and the reason for the error/failure when querying `/bundleReceipt/:hash`.

aggregator

Add better failure messaging for bundles

the read me lost all the content when it became out of date which leads to lots of questions on discord

documentation

ready for dev

Lightweight reusable Web3 UI components for dapps. 

web3uikit

[README] updated to for V1

The E2E identity tests are currently a bit thin. As a very central piece of FireFly's architecture and security model, they really should have more positive tests, and particularly some negative tests to verify disallowed operations.

**Background on identities:**
* Identities in FireFly are senders and receivers of data
* They are of type "org", "node", or "custom"
* They are described with a [DID](https://www.w3.org/TR/did-core/)
* Org and custom identities are _on-chain_ identifiers with attached blockchain keys; node identities are _off-chain_ identifiers with an attached dataexchange ID
* Orgs may have children of any type, custom identities may only have custom identity children, nodes may not have children
* Each FireFly instance that participates in a multi-party system _must_ have a root "org" identity with at least one "node" identity child
* When sending an on+off-chain message (private or broadcast), you can choose your on-chain (org or custom) and off-chain (node) identity
* When receiving an on+off-chain message, the node identity _must_ be a child of the on-chain identity _or_ one of that identity's ancestors, and both pieces must be signed appropriately by those identities
* Slight aside: the "node" terminology is overloaded, as we sometimes also refer to FireFly itself as a "node" - but that is now somewhat distinct from the special "node identity" established between FireFly and dataexchange

**What we test today:**
* The multiparty on+off-chain [messaging suite](https://github.com/hyperledger/firefly/blob/main/test/e2e/multiparty/onchain_offchain.go) thoroughly uses the baseline identity functionality across two FireFly members - ie 1 root org with 1 node each
* The multiparty [identity suite](https://github.com/hyperledger/firefly/blob/main/test/e2e/multiparty/identity.go) creates "custom" child identities to the root org, and uses those child identities to send basic broadcast and private messages

**Gateway mode suite:**
We need a copy of this suite added to the "[gateway mode](https://github.com/hyperledger/firefly/tree/main/test/e2e/gateway)" (ie non-multiparty) runners. This group of tests uses a single node in isolation, which creates local definitions but does not share them with any other nodes. We need (at minimum) a basic test that creates org and child identities and then queries them back.
Note: to run the gateway suite you must run `make MULTIPARTY_ENABLED=false e2e`

**Additional tests that could be added to the existing multiparty identity suite:**
* Registering invalid identities (keys that have already been used, parent/child relationships that are not allowed, trying to register a child of someone else's org)
* Sending to invalid recipients (ie send a private message to an org+node that exist but are not actually related)
* Deeper nested identities

Negative tests should usually result in an event of type `message_rejected`. Most tests are not currently listening for this event (usually just `message_confirmed`), so the websocket listeners would have to be expanded to listen for this.

Hyperledger FireFly is the first open source Supernode: a complete stack for enterprises to build and scale secure Web3 applications. The FireFly API for digital assets, data flows, and blockchain transactions makes it radically faster to build production-ready apps on popular chains and protocols.

firefly

Add more positive & negative E2E tests for identity (multiparty mode and non-multiparty mode)

### Component

Forge, Cast

### Describe the feature you would like

As described here https://github.com/mds1/forge-trace-and-script-issue#issue-1-more-verbose-failure-messages-in-scripts

the tx failure error could be more verbose, we already have `cast run` which we could use to get the revert reason with some refactoring

- [ ] refactor cast `RunArgs` so it can be used as a standalone function
- [ ] use it to retrieve script errors in  https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/blob/57d28db4d03a379823ba8a24d6ac6e2bdd227a9b/cli/src/cmd/forge/script/receipts.rs#L46-L62

### Additional context

_No response_

T-feature

C-cast

D-easy

Foundry is a blazing fast, portable and modular toolkit for Ethereum application development written in Rust.

foundry

replay failed transaction in script

Originaly proposed by @appetrosyan, see [this comment](https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha/pull/2582#issuecomment-1202977420)

[suggestion] Introduce `ValueIsError` and `ok_or`

See https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/pull/2470

Document `cast estimate --create`

I had posed [an idea](https://github.com/ensdomains/address-encoder/issues/349) to ENS to utilize `ethereum-lists` to power the list of networks on domain address fields, instead of their internal (duplicated) structure.

While they are willing to adopt, they'd (understandably) prefer it as an inline dependency versus external endpoint. Publishing as an NPM module may assist other projects in more easily referencing the chain list, as well.

provides metadata for networkIDs and chainIDs

chains

Kotlin

Publish as an NPM module

### Component

Forge

### Have you ensured that all of these are up to date?

- [X] Foundry
- [X] Foundryup

### What version of Foundry are you on?

_No response_

### What command(s) is the bug in?

_No response_

### Operating System

_No response_

### Describe the bug

Running `forge update` first when cloning a repo does not ensure that the submodules are synced/checked out.

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