
Ethereum represents the gateway to a worldwide, decentralized computing paradigm. This platform enables you to run decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts that have no central points of failure or control, integrate with a payment network, and operate on an open blockchain. With this practical guide, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood provide everything you need to know about building smart contracts and DApps on Ethereum and other virtual-machine blockchains.

Discover why IBM, Microsoft, NASDAQ, and hundreds of other organizations are experimenting with Ethereum. This essential guide shows you how to develop the skills necessary to be an innovator in this growing and exciting new industry.

A guide to the operation and use of Ethereum and other EVM-compatible blockchains.

Mastering Ethereum


The story of the idealists, technologists, and opportunists fighting to bring cryptocurrency to the masses.

In their short history, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have gone through booms, busts, and internecine wars, recently reaching a market valuation of more than $2 trillion. The central promise of crypto endures—vast fortunes made from decentralized networks not controlled by any single entity and not yet regulated by many governments.

The recent growth of crypto would have been all but impossible if not for a brilliant young man named Vitalik Buterin and his creation: Ethereum. In this book, Laura Shin takes readers inside the founding of this novel cryptocurrency network, which enabled users to launch their own new coins, thus creating a new crypto fever. She introduces readers to larger-than-life characters like Buterin, the Web3 wunderkind; his short-lived CEO, Charles Hoskinson; and Joe Lubin, a former Goldman Sachs VP who became one of crypto’s most well-known billionaires. Sparks fly as these outsized personalities fight for their piece of a seemingly limitless new business opportunity.

This fascinating book shows the crypto market for what it really is: a deeply personal struggle to influence the coming revolution in money, culture, and power.

Idealism, Greed, Lies, and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze

The Cryptopians


Tokens - often referred to as cryptocurrencies - can represent anything from an asset to an access right, such as gold, diamonds, a fraction of a Picasso painting or an entry ticket to a concert. Tokens could also be used to reward social media contributions, incentivize the reduction of CO2 emissions, or even ones attention for watching an ad. While it has become easy to create a token, which is collectively managed by a public Web3 infrastructure like a blockchain network, the understanding of how to apply these tokens is still vague.

The industry keeps referring to “Blockchain” as different from “Bitcoin,” creating an artificial divide that is often misleading. There seems to be too little understanding about the fact that Bitcoin is a blockchain network, which is (a) globally managed by people who mostly do not know each other, and (b) enabled by the consensus protocol that (c) incentivizes all network actors for their contributions with a native token. The governance rules are tied to the minting of a native blockchain token. The Bitcoin token can, therefore, be seen as the currency of a distributed Internet tribe, called the Bitcoin network, where network actors are rewarded with Bitcoins, just as the Ether is the currency of the distributed Internet tribe Ethereum network, or Sia is the native currency of the Sia network. The Bitcoin network and other distributed ledgers all represent a collectively maintained public infrastructure and are the backbone of the next generation Internet, what the crypto community refers to as the Web3.

This book attempts to summarize existing knowledge about blockchain networks and other distributed ledgers as the backbone of the Web3, and contextualize the socio-economic implications of the Web3 applications such as smart contracts, tokens, and DAOs to the concepts of money, economics, governance and decentralized finance (DeFi).

Token Economy


Learn to Code Blockchain DApps By Building Simple Games

CryptoZombies is an interactive school that teaches you all things technical about blockchains. Learn to make smart contracts in Solidity or Libra by making your own crypto-collectibles game.

#1 Solidity Tutorial & Ethereum Blockchain Programming Course

CryptoZombies


More and more DeFi projects on Ethereum are getting hacked. This is your chance to join the party.

Each challenge can be considered standalone. Depending on the challenge, you should either stop the system from working, steal as much funds as you can, or do some other unexpected things.

Put your black hat on, and break some DeFi projects on Ethereum!

Damn Vulnerable DeFi


This is an interactive tutorial website for learning Vyper while building games using smart contracts, similar to Cryptozombies.

VyperFun


Blockchain is an exciting new discipline in Computer Science. It combines a wide array of skills from math and cryptography to social sciences and understanding organizations. Understanding blockchain decentralization and how/where to apply it is a brand new skill that very few have mastered.

You will build your skills from the ground up with strong fundamentals that will provide you with the ability to adapt in this rapidly evolving ecosystem.

Choose From Multiple Paths to Begin Your Ethereum Coding Journey.

Fast-track your Ethereum Developer career in an instructor-led and challenging bootcamp focused on discussion and application!

ChainShot


This is an initiative for the early solidity developers by those who were early developers sometime.

In this approach, we are looking to categorize the smart contract according to the difficulty level in multiple standards. For now, we are keeping the standard 0 to 5(can be discussed).

This initiative needs great support from Blockchain enthusiast, developer and researchers to build this school in a way which can attract learners and provide them ease for development.

First place for early developers to learn Solidity 

solidity-school


## Introductory Modules

- What is a SNARK?
- Building a SNARK (part 1)
- Building a SNARK (part 2)

## Whiteboard Sessions with ZK Projects​

- SNARKs vs. STARKS with Brendan and Bobbin
- PLONK and Custom Gates with Adrian Hamelink
- Lookup Arguments for Performance Optimisation with Mary Maller
- Zero Knowledge Virtual Machine (zkVM) with grjte
- Achieving Decentralised Private Computation with Pratyush Mishra
- Introduction to zkRollups with Barry Whitehat
- zkEVM with Jordi Baylina
- ZK Swaps with Henry de Valence
- zkID with Oleksandr Brezhniev
- Fast Recursion with Plonky2 with William Borgeaud

ZK Whiteboard Sessions is an educational series on all things zero knowledge

ZK Whiteboard Sessions


## What is a smart contract?

Smart contracts are the backbone of decentralized applications (DApps) and Web3. A smart contract is a simple program that lives on a blockchain network (such as Ethereum). They're actually not that smart. And nothing like a (legal) contract. They’re more like an executable piece of code that requires input or an trigger from an external source. They can validate those input conditions and if correct, execute their own logic to update the state on a blockchain.

## Benefits

They often serve the following purposes:
- Store and maintain data
- Manage relationships with users, or other contracts

Benefits of smart contracts are
- Immutable - once deployed none can change them
- Composable - they’re public and anyone can interact with them, or build on top of them. Much like public APIs

## Resources

The following resources have been the most popular resources on the site for a long time. These are all highly recommend to start learning about Solidity


### 1. Official Solidity website
The most obvious resources is ofcourse the official website and documentation of the Solidity team itself. The Solidity team covers all the core concepts and fundamentals of Solidity and smart contracts in general. Highly recommended

https://soliditylang.org/


### 2. Solidity by Example
The second one on the list is Solidity by Example. A great collection of more pratical examples, incl. source code and supporting videos.

https://solidity-by-example.org/


### 3. CryptoZombies 
CryptoZombies is an interactive school that teaches you all things technical about blockchains. A fun and interactive way to write smart contracts in Solidity by making your own crypto-collectibles game.

https://cryptozombies.io/


### 4. Speedrun Ethereum

Speedrun Ethereum helps you get to the next level. It teaches you how to build on Ethereum; the superpowers and the gotchas while you build up your Web3 portfolio. If you like this, also make sure to check out the other work of the amazing [Austin Griffith](https://twitter.com/austingriffith) such as [ETH-build](https://eth.build/) and [Scaffold-eth](https://scaffoldeth.io/).

https://speedrunethereum.com/


### 5. Smart Contract Best Practices 

Smart contracts are complex instruments that have the authority to allocate high-value resources between complex systems. Often working autonomously. With huge financial loss at risk. This makes them critical components in these systems. Development of such components requires thoughtful design, solid engineering practices, rigorous testing and a strong security mindset. This document provides a baseline knowledge of security considerations.

https://consensys.github.io/smart-contract-best-practices/


## Other resources

If you'd like to read more, make sure to checkout all the other [Solidity](/tags/smart%20contracts) resources on the site.

Solidity is a programming language designed for developing smart contracts that run on Ethereum. It's the most in demand skill in the Web3 space. These are the best resources to help you learn more about it.

Best resources to learn Solidity


This handbook is for people who are interested in exploring the vision behind “Web3”, and who wish to acquire in-demand skills that are essential to realizing that vision.  

A Handbook for Smart Contract Development

Learn Solidity

Free resources to learn about Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) and Cryptography

Road to ZK


Create Eth App supports multiple frontend frameworks. It comes with a host of decentralized finance templates pre-filled with contract ABIs, addresses and subgraphs. Everything you need to build a modern Ethereum-powered single-page app.

- Learning how to write Ethereum-powered apps in a comfortable and feature-rich development environment.
- Starting new Ethereum-powered single-page React applications without wasting time on copy-pasting boilerplates
- Creating examples with React for your Ethereum-related libraries and components.

Create Ethereum-powered apps with one command

Create Eth App


**Features**
- Next.js
- Ethereum
- Typescript
- Chakra UI
- Wagmi
- Connectkit
- Ethers.js

An open-source Next.js + Ethereum starter kit to quickly ship Web3 Apps

Nexth Starter kit


Everything you need to build on Ethereum!

Quickly experiment with Solidity using a frontend that adapts to your smart contract

Forkable Ethereum dev stack focused on fast product iterations

Scaffold-ETH


Becoming a blockchain engineer is the most fun, rewarding, and exhilarating choice I’ve and my colleagues have ever made. And we’ve already blazed the trail for you to get started! In this article, we will show you exactly how to learn to become a blockchain engineer, from beginner to professional.

Spoiler alert, here is the exact blueprint we are going to cover to get you to a successful blockchain engineer:

1. Understand why you should become a blockchain engineer
2. Take a Blockchain Course
3. Join a Hackathon, the Community, & Build
4. Start your own protocol, Take a job, Freelance & Contribute

If you make it this far, you’ve done it! Although, I’ll add a bonus step 5 that we will talk about soon.

5. You’ve made it! Keep learning!

That’s it! These are the exact steps you need to take to become a blockchain engineer!

Become a blockchain, solidity, and smart contract engineer by following these steps

Become a Blockchain Engineer


Odds are you’ve heard about the Ethereum blockchain, whether or not you know what it is. It’s been in the news a lot lately, including the cover of some major magazines, but reading those articles can be like gibberish if you don’t have a foundation for what exactly Ethereum is. So what is it? In essence, a public database that keeps a permanent record of digital transactions. Importantly, this database doesn’t require any central authority to maintain and secure it. Instead it operates as a “trustless” transactional system — a framework in which individuals can make peer-to-peer transactions without needing to trust a third party OR one another.

Still confused? That’s where this post comes in. My aim is to explain how Ethereum functions at a technical level, without complex math or scary-looking formulas. Even if you’re not a programmer, I hope you’ll walk away with at least better grasp of the tech. If some parts are too technical and difficult to grok, that’s totally fine! There’s really no need to understand every little detail. I recommend just focusing on understanding things at a broad level.

Many of the topics covered in this post are a breakdown of the concepts discussed in the yellow paper. I’ve added my own explanations and diagrams to make understanding Ethereum easier. Those brave enough to take on the technical challenge can also read the Ethereum yellow paper.

Many of the topics covered in this post are a breakdown of the concepts discussed in the yellow paper. I’ve added my own explanations and diagrams to make it easier.

How does Ethereum work, anyway?


I recently joined Edge & Node as a Developer Relations Engineer and have been diving deeper into smart contract development with Ethereum. I have settled upon what I think is the best stack for building full stack dApps with Solidity:

▶︎ Client Framework - React
▶︎ Ethereum development environment - Hardhat
▶︎ Ethereum Web Client Library - Ethers.js
▶︎ API layer - The Graph Protocol

Building Full Stack dApps with React, Ethers.js, Solidity, and Hardhat

The Complete Guide to Full Stack Ethereum Development


Educational sandbox for building on web3. Visually understand how Ethereum works by doing.

ETH.Build


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyMwXuJrbJQ

This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts in blockchain, smart contracts, solidity, NFTs/ERC721s, ERC20s, Coding Decentralized Finance (DeFi), javascript and solidity, Chainlink, Ethereum, upgradable smart contracts, and full stack blockchain development.   

Some of the technologies covered are:
- The Graph
- Chainlink
- Metamask
- Alchemy
- Remix
- Hardhat
- Solidity
- Openzeppelin
- Trail of Bits
- Ganache
- Ethers
- Etherscan
- Coinmarketcap
- Aave
- IPFS
- Fleek.hq
- Filecoin
- NextJS
- Moralis
- Web3uikit
- Opensea
- Pinata
- Nft.storage

 And more!

Follow along with the videos and you'll be a blockchain wizard in no time!  💻 The repository with helpful links to all code, resources, and support forums is located here: https://github.com/smartcontractkit/full-blockchain-solidity-course-js.

This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts related to blockchain, smart contracts, Solidity, ERC20s, full-stack Web3 dapps, decentralized finance (DeFi), JavaScript, TypeScript, Chainlink, Ethereum, upgradable smart contracts, DAOs, the graph, moralis, aave, IPFS, and more. Follow along with the videos and you'll be a blockchain wizard in no time!

Learn Blockchain, Solidity, and Full Stack Web3 Development with JavaScript – 32-Hour Course


Learning Solidity with a collection of YouTube videos and example code.

Learning Solidity


Here we collect and discuss the best DeFi & Blockchain researches and tools 

DeFi Developer roadmap


Nowadays there are countless well-made resources on how to learn blockchain development of all kinds and with different specializations in mind, however, it is still very hard to get guidance and personalized suggestions based on your interests. I am writing this guide in order to provide an aggregator of all the resources that I’ve found over the years, plus give some opinionated commentary on how to approach them and how to use them in order to maximize learning and practical understanding in order to get building cool things in the space as soon as possible.

This guide will focus on the Ethereum ecosystem as that’s where most developers and applications are. If you are interested in other ecosystems that are non-EVM compatible and are not L2s on Ethereum, then check out their respective documentation or guides written by their developer communities. Examples of other non-EVM compatible blockchains that are popular are Solana (Rust/Anchor), Polkadot (Rust/Substrate), Cosmos, Terra, and others. Most of these blockchains do or will support the EVM stack through various initiatives like Neon EVM (Solana), Moonbeam/Moonriver (Polkadot/Kusama), EVMOS (Cosmos), etc.

I really want this guide to become a community-sourced public good that everyone will be able to take advantage of. I will do my best to present it to the wider blockchain developer community to get constructive feedback, proofreading help, and insight into how to make it the best available guide available.

devpill.me


This document provides a baseline knowledge of security considerations for intermediate Solidity programmers. It is maintained by ConsenSys Diligence, with contributions from our friends in the broader Ethereum community.

A guide to Ethereum smart contract security best practices

Smart Contract Best Practices

 This detector makes up the majority of runtime on large codebases
```
ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall filename:lineno(function)
        1    0.000    0.000   41.286   41.286 /Users/alpharush/tob/slither/slither/__main__.py:81(process_all)
        1    0.000    0.000   39.059   39.059 /Users/alpharush/tob/slither/slither/__main__.py:58(process_single)
        1    0.000    0.000   33.319   33.319 /Users/alpharush/tob/slither/slither/__main__.py:111(_process)
        1    0.000    0.000   33.317   33.317 /Users/alpharush/tob/slither/slither/slither.py:198(run_detectors)
        1    0.000    0.000   33.317   33.317 /Users/alpharush/tob/slither/slither/slither.py:204(<listcomp>)
       84    0.001    0.000   33.317    0.397 /Users/alpharush/tob/slither/slither/detectors/abstract_detector.py:176(detect)
        1    0.000    0.000   31.215   31.215 /Users/alpharush/tob/slither/slither/detectors/variables/similar_variables.py:72(_detect)

```
https://github.com/crytic/slither/blob/master/slither/detectors/variables/similar_variables.py#L63-L66

help wanted

slither

Python

 similar variables detector is extremely slow

_originally posted by @poojaranjan in https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/6131_

good first issue

ready to implement

eipw

Rust

Disallow `Withdrawn` EIPs in the `requires:` header

PR https://github.com/hyperledger/aries-cloudagent-python/pull/2076 added support for building and publishing ACA-Py images.  The initial implementation just builds and publishes the images.

It would be a great enhancement to have these containers scanned on a regular basis (and possible during the builds) for vulnerabilities.

enhancement

Hyperledger Aries Cloud Agent Python (ACA-Py) is a foundation for building decentralized identity applications and services running in non-mobile environments.

aries-cloudagent-python

Add container vulnerability scanning for the built/published ACA-Py images.

### Discord Discussion Link

_No response_

### What browsers are you seeing the problem on?

Chrome

### What were you trying to do?

Token approval on uniswap.

### What did not work?

Not properly displaying details.

<img width="378" alt="Screenshot 2023-01-24 at 12 42 00" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/23117945/214283862-02c94de1-ea48-412e-b585-7812ead4308a.png">


### Version

None

### Relevant log output

_No response_

Type: Bug

Priority: Low

Status: Available

Tally Ho, the community owned and operated Web3 wallet.

extension

TypeScript

Not properly displaying details during token approval

From this repository's `packages/core` directory, run `yarn`.  The following compilation warnings occur:
```
$ tsc -b && yarn compile:contracts
$ hardhat compile && node scripts/copy-build-info.js
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
 --> contracts/test/ignore-errors/Constructors.sol:7:9:
  |
7 |         msg.sender.delegatecall(data);
  |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> contracts/test/ignore-errors/Constructors.sol:25:9:
   |
25 |         msg.sender.delegatecall('');
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> contracts/test/ignore-errors/Constructors.sol:46:9:
   |
46 |         msg.sender.delegatecall('');
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> contracts/test/ignore-errors/Constructors.sol:79:9:
   |
79 |         msg.sender.delegatecall('');
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
 --> contracts/test/ignore-errors/Modifiers.sol:7:9:
  |
7 |         msg.sender.delegatecall(data);
  |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


Compiled 79 Solidity files successfully
```

These contracts are used for tests only, but either find a way to ignore these specific warnings, or update the test cases to not cause these.

Ensure that the tests still pass when running `yarn test`.

Plugins for Hardhat and Truffle to deploy and manage upgradeable contracts on Ethereum.

openzeppelin-upgrades

Compilation warnings in test contracts

### Discord Discussion Link

_No response_

### What browsers are you seeing the problem on?

Chrome

### What were you trying to do?

Open the dev panel

### What did not work?

Dev panel did not open

### Version

v0.19.0

### Relevant log output

_No response_

Dev Panel Not Working

PR https://github.com/hyperledger/aries-cloudagent-python/pull/2076 added support for building and publishing ACA-Py images.  The initial implementation just builds and publishes the images.

Enhance the associated workflows by incorporating the unit tests and only build and publish the images if the associated tests pass successfully.

Gate ACA-Py image builds on the tests passing successfully

I just noticed that this circuit is missing in the integration tests

Depends on
- https://github.com/privacy-scaling-explorations/zkevm-circuits/pull/1063
- https://github.com/privacy-scaling-explorations/zkevm-circuits/issues/1099

zkevm-circuits

Add ExpCircuit to integration tests

              Let me rephrase. If a transaction in a genesis fails we seem to just skip it and log error. Why don't we fail blockchain initialization if there is even one invalid transaction?

_Originally posted by @mversic in https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha/pull/3074#discussion_r1084054877_
            

question

iroha2

Chore

Iroha - A simple, enterprise-grade decentralized ledger

iroha

[suggestion]: Disallow invalid transactions in genesis block

This test fails quite often due to randomness https://github.com/crytic/echidna/blob/master/tests/solidity/values/extreme.sol.
Probably tweaking some config options here will do the job https://github.com/crytic/echidna/blob/master/tests/solidity/values/extreme.yaml.

echidna

Solidity

extreme.sol test is not realiable

When a client hasn't registered we should just consume the notification and return 202 so the relay dosen't keep trying.

echo-server

fix: Return `202` when the Client hasn't registered yet

CLI command descriptions might contain spelling errors. Running a grammar checker would prevent them.

Warp - Bringing Solidity to StarkNet at warp speed. Warp is a Solidity to Cairo Transpiler, this allows teams to write/migrate Solidity to Cairo for easy onboarding into the StarkNet ecosystem.

warp

Run grammar checker as a part of CI 

The informatin component has probably old code example. It should be <Information  not <Info 
![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/102124127/213829990-ffc97a5b-de8e-4118-b0d6-d893c4a6b49d.png)


documentation

Lightweight reusable Web3 UI components for dapps. 

web3uikit

Information component has wrong code in detail 

### Overview

For fork mode testing it's often handy to load on-chain contracts with the chain you are working with, which requires using `ape.Contract`. However, it's not currently a fixture.

### Specification

Add this method to the set of pytest-registered fixtures, so that people can use it like this:

```py
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def on_chain_contract(Contract):
    return Contract("<some address>")
```

### Dependencies
n/a

category: feature

The smart contract development tool for Pythonistas, Data Scientists, and Security Professionals

Make `Contract` a fixture

**Issue summary**

Currently, a forest daemon fetches param files via ipfs http gateway without content verification, while IPFS http gateway now offers a trustless mode ([SPEC](https://github.com/ipfs/specs/blob/main/http-gateways/TRUSTLESS_GATEWAY.md)) in which content is downloaded in `car` format so that a client can verify the integrity of the downloaded content.  

And here is a [web demo](https://github.com/2color/verified-ipfs-retrieval).

Related forest code: https://github.com/ChainSafe/forest/blob/main/utils/paramfetch/src/lib.rs#L20

**Other information and links**

https://github.com/ipfs/specs/blob/main/http-gateways/TRUSTLESS_GATEWAY.md
https://github.com/2color/verified-ipfs-retrieval

forest

Verify param files that are downloaded via ipfs http gateway

### Component

Cast

### Describe the feature you would like

I'd like to be able to generate ethers-rs bindings for a contract using cast directly. This would greatly improve prototyping speed for scripts and bots as you could just take a contract from etherscan and get rust bindings to it.

### Additional context

_No response_

T-feature

Foundry is a blazing fast, portable and modular toolkit for Ethereum application development written in Rust.

foundry

Add cast command to generate ethers-rs bindings

              @Erigara says: `i’m not sure that this will work out because we still need cloning because block contain all transactions`

this is a good point, but we have `transaction_cache` containing duplicates of transactions. It might still be worth to consider using `Arc` for that reason. On the other hand, I can hardly believe that `transaction_cache` in sumeragi is making any difference - especially after these changes are merged. We should remove it if possbile

_Originally posted by @mversic in https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha/pull/3043#discussion_r1081171813_
            

Refactor

Consider removing `transaction_cache` in `Sumeragi`

Some methods implicitly or explicitly assume exactly one account.  If multiple accounts have been authorized by CAIP-25, but none "selected"/set-as-default/etc, calling said methods via CAIP-27 might produce unexpected or, worse, insecure behavior.  Some mitigations that have been floated so far include:
* CAIP-25 caveats/permissions/etc that would select a "default"/preference explicitly at time of provider authorization
* CAIP-27 failure response with specific error message in case of ambiguity between accounts
* CAIP-27 failure response with specific error message in case of zero accounts authorized for that chain

But maybe what's more needed is a use case (so far no CAIPs have a ## Use Cases section!), or a good, meaty example of a corner case where this happen?  Do people know of EIPs that explicitly or implicitly define a method assuming exactly one account?

(Moved out of CAIP-27 [Discussion](https://github.com/ChainAgnostic/CAIPs/pull/186#issuecomment-1371268285))



CAIPs

HTML

[CAIP-27] Corner-cases around accounts assumptions

Resolve lint warnings

Add a new flag `--no-mangle` which makes sure that the function names are not mangled if the functions are not overloaded.
If the flag is passed and function names are overloaded then it should throw an error and ask the user to retry without the flag.
Make sure that this code is tested.



Contribute to open-source Web3 projects

✨ Ethereum.org

✨ Privacy & Scaling Explorations

✨ Solidity