
Ethereum represents the gateway to a worldwide, decentralized computing paradigm. This platform enables you to run decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts that have no central points of failure or control, integrate with a payment network, and operate on an open blockchain. With this practical guide, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood provide everything you need to know about building smart contracts and DApps on Ethereum and other virtual-machine blockchains.

Discover why IBM, Microsoft, NASDAQ, and hundreds of other organizations are experimenting with Ethereum. This essential guide shows you how to develop the skills necessary to be an innovator in this growing and exciting new industry.

A guide to the operation and use of Ethereum and other EVM-compatible blockchains.

Mastering Ethereum


The story of the idealists, technologists, and opportunists fighting to bring cryptocurrency to the masses.

In their short history, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have gone through booms, busts, and internecine wars, recently reaching a market valuation of more than $2 trillion. The central promise of crypto endures—vast fortunes made from decentralized networks not controlled by any single entity and not yet regulated by many governments.

The recent growth of crypto would have been all but impossible if not for a brilliant young man named Vitalik Buterin and his creation: Ethereum. In this book, Laura Shin takes readers inside the founding of this novel cryptocurrency network, which enabled users to launch their own new coins, thus creating a new crypto fever. She introduces readers to larger-than-life characters like Buterin, the Web3 wunderkind; his short-lived CEO, Charles Hoskinson; and Joe Lubin, a former Goldman Sachs VP who became one of crypto’s most well-known billionaires. Sparks fly as these outsized personalities fight for their piece of a seemingly limitless new business opportunity.

This fascinating book shows the crypto market for what it really is: a deeply personal struggle to influence the coming revolution in money, culture, and power.

Idealism, Greed, Lies, and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze

The Cryptopians


Tokens - often referred to as cryptocurrencies - can represent anything from an asset to an access right, such as gold, diamonds, a fraction of a Picasso painting or an entry ticket to a concert. Tokens could also be used to reward social media contributions, incentivize the reduction of CO2 emissions, or even ones attention for watching an ad. While it has become easy to create a token, which is collectively managed by a public Web3 infrastructure like a blockchain network, the understanding of how to apply these tokens is still vague.

The industry keeps referring to “Blockchain” as different from “Bitcoin,” creating an artificial divide that is often misleading. There seems to be too little understanding about the fact that Bitcoin is a blockchain network, which is (a) globally managed by people who mostly do not know each other, and (b) enabled by the consensus protocol that (c) incentivizes all network actors for their contributions with a native token. The governance rules are tied to the minting of a native blockchain token. The Bitcoin token can, therefore, be seen as the currency of a distributed Internet tribe, called the Bitcoin network, where network actors are rewarded with Bitcoins, just as the Ether is the currency of the distributed Internet tribe Ethereum network, or Sia is the native currency of the Sia network. The Bitcoin network and other distributed ledgers all represent a collectively maintained public infrastructure and are the backbone of the next generation Internet, what the crypto community refers to as the Web3.

This book attempts to summarize existing knowledge about blockchain networks and other distributed ledgers as the backbone of the Web3, and contextualize the socio-economic implications of the Web3 applications such as smart contracts, tokens, and DAOs to the concepts of money, economics, governance and decentralized finance (DeFi).

Token Economy


Learn to Code Blockchain DApps By Building Simple Games

CryptoZombies is an interactive school that teaches you all things technical about blockchains. Learn to make smart contracts in Solidity or Libra by making your own crypto-collectibles game.

#1 Solidity Tutorial & Ethereum Blockchain Programming Course

CryptoZombies


Node Guardians is a gamified educational platform that creates lore-rich programming challenges for experienced Solidity, Huff, Cairo and Noir developers. Think of it as a skill-based RPG where developers can become familiar with specific stack components and a place where they can showcase their abilities. 

### Skills Upgrade

We have created a series of coding challenges called “quests” to engage smart contract developers, providing them with the knowledge to build safe and gas efficient applications. In addition to practical skills, we also provide theoretical knowledge about crypto history, technology and economics through building a library of articles that break down complex concepts of distributed systems & decentralized finance.


### Public Good

Node Guardians is a public good for developers and will always remain so. 
In addition to supporting the growth of cool ecosystems, we plan to make the platform sustainable by managing [infrastructure](https://infra.nodeguardians.io/) across various networks.

Rewarding non-contributing operators wastes funds, we prefer community-building and education.


Node Guardians is a gamified educational platform that creates lore-rich programming challenges for experienced Solidity, Cairo, Huff and Noir developers.

Node Guardians


Speed Run Ethereum aims to provide a structured learning path for onboarding developers to Ethereum.

Ethereum Dev Speed Run with a framework for submitting challenges, get feedback from ethereum builders, and in the process unlocking new challenges and proof of completion.

Speedrun Ethereum

Teaching the next generation of smart contract developers and auditors. Learn from industry-leading experts how to build the next generation of web3 applications and level up your career.


Level up your web3 career through industry leading comprehensive courses

Cyfrin Updraft


This is an initiative for the early solidity developers by those who were early developers sometime.

In this approach, we are looking to categorize the smart contract according to the difficulty level in multiple standards. For now, we are keeping the standard 0 to 5(can be discussed).

This initiative needs great support from Blockchain enthusiast, developer and researchers to build this school in a way which can attract learners and provide them ease for development.

First place for early developers to learn Solidity 

solidity-school


## Introductory Modules

- What is a SNARK?
- Building a SNARK (part 1)
- Building a SNARK (part 2)

## Whiteboard Sessions with ZK Projects​

- SNARKs vs. STARKS with Brendan and Bobbin
- PLONK and Custom Gates with Adrian Hamelink
- Lookup Arguments for Performance Optimisation with Mary Maller
- Zero Knowledge Virtual Machine (zkVM) with grjte
- Achieving Decentralised Private Computation with Pratyush Mishra
- Introduction to zkRollups with Barry Whitehat
- zkEVM with Jordi Baylina
- ZK Swaps with Henry de Valence
- zkID with Oleksandr Brezhniev
- Fast Recursion with Plonky2 with William Borgeaud

ZK Whiteboard Sessions is an educational series on all things zero knowledge

ZK Whiteboard Sessions


## What is a smart contract?

Smart contracts are the backbone of decentralized applications (DApps) and Web3. A smart contract is a simple program that lives on a blockchain network (such as Ethereum). They're actually not that smart. And nothing like a (legal) contract. They’re more like an executable piece of code that requires input or an trigger from an external source. They can validate those input conditions and if correct, execute their own logic to update the state on a blockchain.

## Benefits

They often serve the following purposes:
- Store and maintain data
- Manage relationships with users, or other contracts

Benefits of smart contracts are
- Immutable - once deployed none can change them
- Composable - they’re public and anyone can interact with them, or build on top of them. Much like public APIs

## Resources

The following resources have been the most popular resources on the site for a long time. These are all highly recommend to start learning about Solidity


### 1. Official Solidity website
The most obvious resources is ofcourse the official website and documentation of the Solidity team itself. The Solidity team covers all the core concepts and fundamentals of Solidity and smart contracts in general. Highly recommended

https://soliditylang.org/


### 2. Solidity by Example
The second one on the list is Solidity by Example. A great collection of more practical examples, incl. source code and supporting videos.

https://solidity-by-example.org/


### 3. CryptoZombies 
CryptoZombies is an interactive school that teaches you all things technical about blockchains. A fun and interactive way to write smart contracts in Solidity by making your own crypto-collectibles game.

https://cryptozombies.io/


### 4. Speedrun Ethereum

Speedrun Ethereum helps you get to the next level. It teaches you how to build on Ethereum; the superpowers and the gotchas while you build up your Web3 portfolio. If you like this, also make sure to check out the other work of the amazing [Austin Griffith](https://twitter.com/austingriffith) such as [ETH-build](https://eth.build/) and [Scaffold-eth](https://scaffoldeth.io/).

https://speedrunethereum.com/


### 5. Smart Contract Best Practices 

Smart contracts are complex instruments that have the authority to allocate high-value resources between complex systems. Often working autonomously. With huge financial loss at risk. This makes them critical components in these systems. Development of such components requires thoughtful design, solid engineering practices, rigorous testing and a strong security mindset. This document provides a baseline knowledge of security considerations.

https://consensys.github.io/smart-contract-best-practices/


## Other resources

If you'd like to read more, make sure to checkout all the other [Solidity](/tags/smart%20contracts) resources on the site.

Solidity is a programming language designed for developing smart contracts that run on Ethereum. It's the most in demand skill in the Web3 space. These are the best resources to help you learn more about it.

Best resources to learn Solidity


Navigating conversations and understanding key concepts in web3 sometimes requires its own terminology. In this regard, web3 is not just a technological shift, but also a cultural one.

This guide will provide you with the **most essential terms** to decode the language and become a web3 citizen. It is tailored to provide you with clear and concise definitions for the unique terms that define this industry.

Dive in, discover, and enhance your fluency in the unique lexicon of the web3 industry. (-:

If you want to contribute to the glossary, [have a look on Github](https://github.com/wslyvh/useWeb3/tree/main).

## Glossary a-z

- **Airdrop**  
  Distribution of free tokens, usually to promote a product or incentivise early users

- **Altcoin**  
  Alternative coin, any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin

- **AMM**  
  Automated Market Maker, popular mechanism among decentralized exchanges (DEXes) involving liquidity pools instead of an orderbook-based system

- **Anon**  
  Anonymous, entity that wishes to remain anonymous or pseudonymous

- **Beacon Chain**  
  Ethereum’s proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus layer

- **Bridge**  
  Service that transfers tokens between multiple blockchains (cross-chain)

- **BUIDL**  
  Term to describe the web3 building ethos, even despite a bear market, inspired by HODL

- **CeFi**  
  Centralized finance, the “traditional” finance sector, in contrast to DeFi (decentralized finance)

- **CEX**  
  Centralized Exchange, app for swapping tokens run by a company, often used for fiat exchange; in contrast to DEX (Decentralized Exchange)

- **Cypherpunks**  
  Cypher + punks, movement originating in the early 90s, emphasizing the need for privacy in the digital age, enforced by cryptography

- **DAO**  
  Decentralized Autonomous Organization, blockchain-based organizations that are owned and governed by their members via tokens

- **DApp**  
  Decentralized Application, blockchain-based services that use smart contracts in their backend and thus have a distributed nature, without the need for intermediaries

- **DeFi**  
  Decentralized Finance, general term for decentralized services in the financial sector, that are permissionless and globally available, e.g., DEXes (decentralized exchanges) or lending protocols

- **Degen**  
  Degenerate, term for a person that is deeply involved in crypto or a specific sector, e.g., DeFi Degens

- **DEX**  
  Decentralized Exchange, blockchain-based app for swapping tokens that use smart contracts to be permissionless

- **Diamond Hands**  
  Holding a digital asset through very volatile times

- **DYOR**  
  Do Your Own Research, principle of self-verification instead of trusting others

- **EIP**  
  Ethereum Improvement Proposal, a process to describe standards for the Ethereum platform

- **ERC**  
  Ethereum Request for Comments, form of EIP to specify application layer standards; the most popular ones are ERC20 for fungible tokens and ERC721 for non-fungible tokens

- **EVM**  
  Ethereum Virtual Machine, the environment in which all Ethereum accounts and smart contracts live, the EVM defines the rules for computing a new valid state from block to block

- **Exchange**  
  An application that allows users to buy and sell crypto assets

- **Exit Scam**  
  Scenario in which a project or a part of a team steals the investors’ money and leaves

- **Explorer**  
  Webpage that displays information about the transaction history of a blockchain

- **Faucet**  
  Service that dispenses free tokens, usually for test networks

- **Flippening**  
  Term to describe a pivotal change in price or perception, e.g., when the market cap of a token exceeds the one of another token

- **FOMO**  
  Fear Of Missing Out, term to describe the feeling of not being included in something, e.g., a crypto investment or news

- **Fork**  
  Split of a blockchain or project due to technical issues or a dispute

- **FUD**  
  Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt, the opposite of FOMO

- **Gas**  
  Term for the fee that Ethereum transactions cost; it is used to reward validators and prevents malicious use of the blockchain

- **Genesis Block**  
  The first block recorded in a blockchain

- **Gm**  
  Good morning, form of greetings in crypto communities; due to the global nature of web3 it can be used at any time of the day

- **Hash**  
  Function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values, e.g., for encryption, cryptographic hash functions are used in many parts of the web3 industry

- **HODL**  
  A frequent term referring to a strict buy-and-hold strategy, became famous after a misspelling in the bitcointalk forum in 2013

- **ICO**  
  Initial coin offering, the process of selling tokens when launching a new crypto project, inspired by the initial public offering (IPO) for stocks.

- **JOMO**  
  Joy Of Missing Out, converting FOMO into a positive feeling

- **KYC**  
  Know Your Customer, a process to verify the identity of customers; often used by centralized exchanges or entities

- **Layer 1**  
  Base blockchain architecture that serves as the foundation for other layers, also called mainnet, e.g., Ethereum

- **Layer 2**  
  Built on top of layer 1, usually for scaling purposes, e.g., Optimism

- **Minting**  
  Process of creating new token(s)

- **Mixer**  
  Decentralized Application that “mixes” tokens to cover their transaction history, used for private transactions

- **NFT**  
  Non-Fungible Token, a type of token that is not interchangeable or divisible, in contrast to fungible tokens; often used for digital collectibles

- **Node**  
  An instance holding a copy of the blockchain, it is connected to other nodes, synchronizing the blockchain and thus forming the network

- **OG**  
  Original Gangster, a person who was very early involved in crypto or a specific project

- **Oracle**  
  Data bridge to bring real-world information onto the blockchain

- **P2P**  
  Peer-to-peer, referring to a transaction between two people without other (central) parties involved

- **Rollups**  
  Popular type of layer 2, scaling solution that uses transaction bundling (“rolling up”) transactions before publishing them to the main chain

- **Rug Pull**  
  Scenario in which a team abandons a project and/or removes its liquidity, similar to exit scams

- **SBTs**  
  Soul-Bound-token, type of NFT that is non-transferrable

- **Smart contract**  
  Programs that run on the blockchain that follow the "if this then that" logic, they execute themselves when certain conditions are met

- **Snapshot**  
  Record of a blockchain at a particular block height, also the name of a popular DAO voting tool

- **Solidity**  
  Smart Contract Programming Language, created for the Ethereum blockchain but popular for other chains as well

- **Stablecoin**  
  A cryptocurrency that is pegged to another asset, mostly USD

- **Staking**  
  Process of locking tokens to contribute to validation in a proof of stake blockchain

- **Token**  
  Representation of a digital asset on a blockchain

- **TVL**  
  Total Value Locked, equivalent of USD locked in a blockchain or protocol, often used as an indicator in DeFi, e.g. in lending protocols

- **Validator**  
  Virtual entity participating in the consensus of a proof of stake blockchain, they participate in producing blocks and validating transactions

- **WAGMI**  
  Acronym for “We're All Gonna Make It”, expression used to show an optimistic attitude about the future of web3

- **Whale**  
  An entity holding a large amount of cryptocurrency, sometimes even a significant part of a project

- **Whitepaper**  
  Document that is released with new crypto projects to explain the details of the project.

- **ZKP**  
  Zero-Knowledge-Proof, cryptographic mechanism to verify an information without revealing it, often used for scaling solutions of privacy applications


The glossary provides you with definitions for the most important terms to navigate the web3 landscape.

Crypto glossary – important terms to navigate web3


This handbook is for people who are interested in exploring the vision behind “Web3”, and who wish to acquire in-demand skills that are essential to realizing that vision.  

A Handbook for Smart Contract Development

Learn Solidity


Create Eth App supports multiple frontend frameworks. It comes with a host of decentralized finance templates pre-filled with contract ABIs, addresses and subgraphs. Everything you need to build a modern Ethereum-powered single-page app.

- Learning how to write Ethereum-powered apps in a comfortable and feature-rich development environment.
- Starting new Ethereum-powered single-page React applications without wasting time on copy-pasting boilerplates
- Creating examples with React for your Ethereum-related libraries and components.

Create Ethereum-powered apps with one command

Create Eth App


**Features**
- Next.js
- Ethereum
- Typescript
- Chakra UI
- Wagmi
- Connectkit
- Ethers.js

An open-source Next.js + Ethereum starter kit to quickly ship Web3 Apps

Nexth Starter kit


Everything you need to build on Ethereum!

Quickly experiment with Solidity using a frontend that adapts to your smart contract

Forkable Ethereum dev stack focused on fast product iterations

Scaffold-ETH


Becoming a blockchain engineer is the most fun, rewarding, and exhilarating choice I’ve and my colleagues have ever made. And we’ve already blazed the trail for you to get started! In this article, we will show you exactly how to learn to become a blockchain engineer, from beginner to professional.

Spoiler alert, here is the exact blueprint we are going to cover to get you to a successful blockchain engineer:

1. Understand why you should become a blockchain engineer
2. Take a Blockchain Course
3. Join a Hackathon, the Community, & Build
4. Start your own protocol, Take a job, Freelance & Contribute

If you make it this far, you’ve done it! Although, I’ll add a bonus step 5 that we will talk about soon.

5. You’ve made it! Keep learning!

That’s it! These are the exact steps you need to take to become a blockchain engineer!

Become a blockchain, solidity, and smart contract engineer by following these steps

Become a Blockchain Engineer


Odds are you’ve heard about the Ethereum blockchain, whether or not you know what it is. It’s been in the news a lot lately, including the cover of some major magazines, but reading those articles can be like gibberish if you don’t have a foundation for what exactly Ethereum is. So what is it? In essence, a public database that keeps a permanent record of digital transactions. Importantly, this database doesn’t require any central authority to maintain and secure it. Instead it operates as a “trustless” transactional system — a framework in which individuals can make peer-to-peer transactions without needing to trust a third party OR one another.

Still confused? That’s where this post comes in. My aim is to explain how Ethereum functions at a technical level, without complex math or scary-looking formulas. Even if you’re not a programmer, I hope you’ll walk away with at least better grasp of the tech. If some parts are too technical and difficult to grok, that’s totally fine! There’s really no need to understand every little detail. I recommend just focusing on understanding things at a broad level.

Many of the topics covered in this post are a breakdown of the concepts discussed in the yellow paper. I’ve added my own explanations and diagrams to make understanding Ethereum easier. Those brave enough to take on the technical challenge can also read the Ethereum yellow paper.

Many of the topics covered in this post are a breakdown of the concepts discussed in the yellow paper. I’ve added my own explanations and diagrams to make it easier.

How does Ethereum work, anyway?


I recently joined Edge & Node as a Developer Relations Engineer and have been diving deeper into smart contract development with Ethereum. I have settled upon what I think is the best stack for building full stack dApps with Solidity:

▶︎ Client Framework - React
▶︎ Ethereum development environment - Hardhat
▶︎ Ethereum Web Client Library - Ethers.js
▶︎ API layer - The Graph Protocol

Building Full Stack dApps with React, Ethers.js, Solidity, and Hardhat

The Complete Guide to Full Stack Ethereum Development


Educational sandbox for building on web3. Visually understand how Ethereum works by doing.

ETH.Build


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyMwXuJrbJQ

This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts in blockchain, smart contracts, solidity, NFTs/ERC721s, ERC20s, Coding Decentralized Finance (DeFi), javascript and solidity, Chainlink, Ethereum, upgradable smart contracts, and full stack blockchain development.   

Some of the technologies covered are:
- The Graph
- Chainlink
- Metamask
- Alchemy
- Remix
- Hardhat
- Solidity
- Openzeppelin
- Trail of Bits
- Ganache
- Ethers
- Etherscan
- Coinmarketcap
- Aave
- IPFS
- Fleek.hq
- Filecoin
- NextJS
- Moralis
- Web3uikit
- Opensea
- Pinata
- Nft.storage

 And more!

Follow along with the videos and you'll be a blockchain wizard in no time!  💻 The repository with helpful links to all code, resources, and support forums is located here: https://github.com/smartcontractkit/full-blockchain-solidity-course-js.

This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts related to blockchain, smart contracts, Solidity, ERC20s, full-stack Web3 dapps, decentralized finance (DeFi), JavaScript, TypeScript, Chainlink, Ethereum, upgradable smart contracts, DAOs, the graph, moralis, aave, IPFS, and more. Follow along with the videos and you'll be a blockchain wizard in no time!

Learn Blockchain, Solidity, and Full Stack Web3 Development with JavaScript – 32-Hour Course


Learning Solidity with a collection of YouTube videos and example code.

Learning Solidity


Here we collect and discuss the best DeFi & Blockchain researches and tools 

DeFi Developer roadmap


Every account you create, every service you sign up for, every online purchase is connected to your email address. Most people have 100+ accounts they've forgotten about, creating security risks and privacy exposure. Paperweight scans your inbox to map your digital footprint, then helps you take back control and delete your data.

## What it does

- **Account inventory** — Maps every company that has ever emailed you, with risk classifications and recommendations for action.

- **Bulk unsubscribe** — Find and unsubscribe from any marketing and mailing lists (auto RFC 8058 where supported).

- **Breach alerts** — Alerts when any company you’ve been in contact with has been breached (via HaveIBeenPwned).

- **GDPR requests** — Generates pre-filled GDPR requests in multiple languages.

Supports Gmail (OAuth), Outlook, IMAP, and Proton Mail via Bridge.

## Privacy Approach

Everything runs on your machine. Email content, credentials, and connection details never leave your device. No telemetry, no cloud sync, no analytics. The code is fully open source and auditable on GitHub.

## Links

- Website https://www.paperweight.email/
- GitHub https://github.com/wslyvh/paperweight

Paperweight scans your inbox to map your digital footprint, then helps you take back control and delete your data.

Paperweight


This document provides a baseline knowledge of security considerations for intermediate Solidity programmers. It is maintained by ConsenSys Diligence, with contributions from our friends in the broader Ethereum community.

A guide to Ethereum smart contract security best practices

Smart Contract Best Practices

https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/actions/runs/27802960296
figure out which tests should be separated in groups and have several jobs

example https://github.com/NethermindEth/zinc-plus/blob/main/.github/workflows/ub-detection.yml


good first issue

help wanted

contributors-friendly

Nethermind Privacy Engineering team's implementation of private payments for the Stellar network

stellar-private-payments

Rust

UB action hits the timeout

### Description
Show available note balance in the UI.

### Benefit (The "Why")
Now with the "simple" mode available, which can automatically pick notes, users only have to select the amount to transfer/withdraw. If we could show the available balance in the UI, it would save the trouble of manually having to look at the notes and summing them.

### Acceptance Criteria
Show balance of unspent notes in the UI.


enhancement

Show balance in the UI

### Select Tool

sncast

### Requested Feature

Enable using path in `utils class-hash`. For now it is possible to calculate class hash only by providing a contract name

sncast

Blazing fast toolkit for developing Starknet contracts.

starknet-foundry

Enable using path in `utils class-hash`

## Motivation

The borrow side recently introduced guarded accessors in `packages/sdk/src/actions/shared/aave/addresses.ts`:

- `requireAavePoolAddress(chainId)` → returns the pool address or throws `ChainNotSupportedError`
- `requireAaveWethGatewayAddress(chainId)` → same for the WETH gateway

The Aave **lend** provider still open-codes the `getPoolAddress(...) + if (!x) throw new ChainNotSupportedError(...)` pattern at six sites. Routing them through the shared accessors removes the repetition and keeps the null-check in one place.

## Repeated null-check sites

`packages/sdk/src/actions/lend/providers/aave/AaveLendProvider.ts`
- pool: lines ~61, ~97, ~165
- gateway: lines ~221, ~296

`packages/sdk/src/actions/lend/providers/aave/sdk.ts`
- pool: line ~235 (`getATokenAddress`)

Each can become a single `requireAavePoolAddress(chainId)` / `requireAaveWethGatewayAddress(chainId)` call.

## Bonus: named reserve decoder

`sdk.ts` `getATokenAddress` reaches the aToken by literal tuple index:

```ts
// The return is a tuple where index 8 is aTokenAddress
const aTokenAddress = reserveData[8]
```

The borrow side already has a named `decodeReserveData` helper that reads `getReserveData` fields by name. Consider sharing it (or a small named accessor) so the magic index 8 disappears.

## Out of scope

The redundant flat `POOL_ADDRESSES_*` / `WETH_GATEWAY_ADDRESSES_*` maps and the per-map imports in `validateAddresses.test.ts` are already tracked by #328 (standardize provider contract address storage); this issue is only about the call-site DRY cleanup.

## Work

1. Replace the six `getPoolAddress`/`getWETHGatewayAddress` + manual-throw sites with the shared `require*` accessors
2. Share/introduce a named reserve-data decoder so `reserveData[8]` is read by field name
3. Confirm lend tests still pass

actions

TypeScript

Adopt shared Aave pool/gateway accessors in lend provider

For now we support Freighter
We should investigate how we could support other Stellar wallets (ideally, using some sdk to hide away maintenance challenges)

Explore different wallets support

The application's main page includes the on-chain state tab on the right side of the screen. The addresses of the deployed contracts are displayed in plaintext.

<img width="499" height="1312" alt="Image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/770edcb6-3a7f-4adf-b47e-77f1f2e2caab" />

We would like addresses to be displayed as links to a stellar explorer (e.g., Stellar Expert), as we do for the ledgers in the Stats sidepanel.
The same applies to ledger numbers in the "Your notes" and "Address Book" sections in the bottom half of the application:

<img width="1792" height="542" alt="Image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/cdcaadc3-fa2e-4455-89db-918e2cf5b162" />

We would like them to be links to too.

javascript

Add explorer links to UI

in the indexer https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/blob/main/app/crates/core/stellar/src/indexer.rs

we fetch events in bulk but only 5 contract ids are allowed per request

https://developers.stellar.org/docs/data/apis/rpc/api-reference/methods/getEvents

chunk get_events in indexer

Integrate Hermes Agent as another Centaur harness/runtime option.

Where it fits: Centaur's current architecture keeps Slackbot and other clients thin: they call `spawn -> message -> execute`, the API assigns or reuses a sandbox runtime, and the sandbox runs the selected harness command (`codex`, `claude-code`, `amp`, etc.) while normalized events stream back through `/agent/threads/{thread}/events`. Hermes should fit at that harness layer, not as a separate Slackbot path.

Suggested scope:
- Add a Hermes harness/engine entry alongside the existing sandbox harnesses.
- Add the sandbox command/config needed to launch Hermes Agent inside the agent image.
- Normalize Hermes output into Centaur's canonical execution events so Slackbot, API clients, and final delivery keep working through the existing event stream.
- Document how to select Hermes as a harness.

Acceptance criteria:
- A caller can request Hermes through the existing agent API harness selection flow.
- Hermes runs inside the existing Kubernetes sandbox runtime.
- Hermes output appears through the normal Centaur event stream and final delivery path.
- Basic tests or fixtures cover command selection and event normalization.


centaur

Python

Integrate Hermes Agent as a Centaur harness

To see the bug in practice see https://github.com/FuelLabs/sway/pull/7620

```sway
pub fn write<T>(self, val: T) {
        if __size_of::<T>() == 0 {    } else if __is_reference_type::<T>() {   // <---- look here how strange it is
        asm(dst: self, src: val, count: __size_of_val(val)) {
            mcp dst src count;
        };
    } else if __size_of::<T>() == 1 {
        asm(ptr: self, val: val) {
            sb ptr val i0;
        };
    } else {
        asm(ptr: self, val: val) {
            sw ptr val i0;
        };
    }
    }
```

formatter

team:tooling

🌴 Empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient smart contracts.

sway

`forc-fmt` issue on `raw_ptr::write`.

Atm we use [wasmer](https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer) for both wasm and native compilation targets to generate witness (see https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/blob/main/app/crates/core/witness/src/lib.rs#L52, related https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/issues/154)

We use wasmer only for **wasm** as there is no yet a native interface (see https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/issues/158, https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/issues/159)

But wasmer in **native** has 3 available backends (they dropped support for the interpreter wasmi since 7.1.0)
- cranelift - slow (https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/tree/main/lib/compiler-cranelift#when-to-use-cranelift) but the main problem - conflict with soroban-sdk `arbitrary` crate dependency (https://github.com/stellar/rs-soroban-sdk/blob/main/soroban-sdk/Cargo.toml#L35)
- singlepass has a permissioned license 
- llvm - drags native deps and has a permissioned license https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/blob/main/lib/compiler-llvm/LICENSEhttps://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/blob/main/lib/compiler-llvm/LICENSE

So we would like to explore the alternative https://github.com/philsippl/circom-witness-rs.
Note also that we have a freedom to change the wrapper `circom-compat` if needed (https://github.com/NethermindEth/circom-compat/tree/wasm-no-parallel) (ideally, get rid off wasmer and circom-compat)

Witness generation alternatives

when I build rustdocs, there are some warnings to be fixed

Zinc+ is a performance-oriented SNARK framework designed to handle computations across multiple mathematical domains without the "witness inflation" overhead typical of traditional arithmetization.

zinc-plus

Fix some docs warnings

Update github actions

The file is already ~2000 lines long. We should move auxiliary types and functions to other modules. Splitting the `Store` `impl` block into multiple modules is also on the table.

A minimalist and fast Lean Consensus client by LambdaClass, bringing expertise in distributed systems and blockchain infrastructure to deliver a robust and performant implementation.

ethlambda

Move auxiliary types outside `crates/storage/src/store.rs`

`crates/storage/src/store.rs` calls `StorageBackend` methods (`begin_read`, `begin_write`, `put_batch`, commit, etc.) but swallows all returned Results via `.expect()` at 50+ call sites. Any DB error (disk full, corruption, etc.) panics the node instead of being handled gracefully.

The fix is to make Store's public methods return `Result<T, Error>` and propagate with `?`, then update callers in `crates/blockchain/src/store.rs` accordingly. 

Related: #82 

Fixing this is also a prerequisite for #266. Without it, the "too many open files" error panics the node rather than being returned as a recoverable error.

Store swallows DB errors with `.expect()`, propagate Result through storage layer

### User Story

As a user, I don't want to care about the RPC retention window. I would like to be able to join the app anytime, or loose my local data and being able to restore it.

### Description

Probably, a solution could be a simple bootnode which allows a user an extended (since the contract deployment ledger) RPC service for a narrow set of RPC methods (actually used in the app indexer). The app on the RpcSyncGap error should offer a user an option with a clearly stated trust assumptions (see below) to use a bootnode.

### Acceptance Criteria

- the bootnode should expose the necessary JSON RPC methods (`getEvents`  and `getLatestLedger`) - for any other methods is should respond unsupported - it should be fully compatible with the standard RPC in its requests and responses formats for the mentioned rpc methods
- the logic: the app starts (after user's consent) calling the bootnode provides RPC for the app up until 5 days before the latest network tip, then it starts return HTTP redirect response to the true RPC (it is configured with). Here we should also resolve how we align the bootnode rpc with the one the has in the wallet (probably it is not a problem as we separate an indexer and the tx submission clients in the code). 5 days are within the retention window, it shouldn't be a problem for the app to catch up then. **We should carefully plan cursors/paging switch here to avoid any gaps.**
- the tools/bootnode crate should be a part of the Rust workspace and **probably** depend on `app/crates/core/stellar` crate and definitely statically include contract ids (from DEPLOYMENT `app/crates/core/stellar/src/lib.rs`) to prevent any misconfiguration.
- dynamic configuration of the server can include host:port, rpc address, acme cachedir, rate limiting params etc
- the server should only serve https (use [rustls-acme](https://crates.io/crates/rustls-acme))
- the server should expose CORS header with all origins allowed
- because it is a public service - IP rate limiting middleware should be added (prefer Axum as a web server) and secure headers (e.g. https://owasp.org/www-project-secure-headers/)
- the indexing logic can be simple - just looping over the rpc in a similar fashion app/crates/core/stellar/src/indexer.rs for the configured contracts. But don't process events. Just store raw responses from RPC.
- metrics are calculated (consider `metrics-rs`) - how many requests are in the moment, histogram of requests handling durations, last ledger indexed?, requests/responses bytes sizes
- the node Rust binary should live in `tools` directory
- the server should expose standard probe endpoint `healthcheck` (HTTP 200 OK if all good)  and `metrics` endpoint (with Prometheus compatible metrics)
- open telemetry 
- for the storage choose Postgres with jsonb columns for requests and response 
- make storage calculations and consider introducing storage compression techniques (check zstd)
- trust assumptions about and attack vectors on the bootnode are described
- multiplatform Docker image
- systemd service unit
- Github binary releases for linux (x86-64 and aarch64)

### Useful Links

depends on https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/pull/148
https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-liveness-readiness-startup-probes/
https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum
https://owasp.org/www-project-secure-headers/
https://crates.io/crates/rustls-acme


bootnode

we need to create a test (up to the tx signing and submission) for app/crates/platforms/web/src/client.rs

basically test main flows - deposit, transfer, withdraw (possible transact?)
we should use stellar-cli to deploy new contracts on the testnet (using scripts/deploy.sh)
then create 2 accounts 
add them to asp set etc
...


so it is a complete smoke test (except tx submission and signing - to be added later - see also https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/issues/162)



this e2e test will be run before any new redeployment of the app

and check how to refactor https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/blob/main/.github/workflows/wasm-build.yml#L41 - to encompass all wasm32 tests in the workspace

e2e for WebClient

for now we re-build MerklePrefixTree on every transaction (see `build_membership_proof` in `app/crates/platforms/web/src/workers/storage.rs`).

For inactive pools it is absolutely fine to avoid state splits.
But for active pools probably it may take time to re-build each time and we need build once (either on the app load or on the first transaction) and append leaves.

But first we need to measure (e.g. a benchmark) the current approach - how many leaves do correspond to how much Merkle tree build time in a single threaded wasm environment?

related https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/issues/70

Explore efficient Merkle proof building

depends on https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/pull/146


take a look at https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/pull/138

related https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/issues/162 https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/issues/192

Add CLI interface

Use browser navigator api to evaluate the used and available storage of the app

And may be some stats - how many commitments are in the database, events etc? 

Used storage indicator

- remove json serialization and flattening - make a separate rust structure with a proper methods which returns required iterator. Remove serde json as a dependency

related https://github.com/NethermindEth/stellar-private-payments/issues/192

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