
Ethereum represents the gateway to a worldwide, decentralized computing paradigm. This platform enables you to run decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts that have no central points of failure or control, integrate with a payment network, and operate on an open blockchain. With this practical guide, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood provide everything you need to know about building smart contracts and DApps on Ethereum and other virtual-machine blockchains.

Discover why IBM, Microsoft, NASDAQ, and hundreds of other organizations are experimenting with Ethereum. This essential guide shows you how to develop the skills necessary to be an innovator in this growing and exciting new industry.

A guide to the operation and use of Ethereum and other EVM-compatible blockchains.

Mastering Ethereum


The story of the idealists, technologists, and opportunists fighting to bring cryptocurrency to the masses.

In their short history, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have gone through booms, busts, and internecine wars, recently reaching a market valuation of more than $2 trillion. The central promise of crypto endures—vast fortunes made from decentralized networks not controlled by any single entity and not yet regulated by many governments.

The recent growth of crypto would have been all but impossible if not for a brilliant young man named Vitalik Buterin and his creation: Ethereum. In this book, Laura Shin takes readers inside the founding of this novel cryptocurrency network, which enabled users to launch their own new coins, thus creating a new crypto fever. She introduces readers to larger-than-life characters like Buterin, the Web3 wunderkind; his short-lived CEO, Charles Hoskinson; and Joe Lubin, a former Goldman Sachs VP who became one of crypto’s most well-known billionaires. Sparks fly as these outsized personalities fight for their piece of a seemingly limitless new business opportunity.

This fascinating book shows the crypto market for what it really is: a deeply personal struggle to influence the coming revolution in money, culture, and power.

Idealism, Greed, Lies, and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze

The Cryptopians


Tokens - often referred to as cryptocurrencies - can represent anything from an asset to an access right, such as gold, diamonds, a fraction of a Picasso painting or an entry ticket to a concert. Tokens could also be used to reward social media contributions, incentivize the reduction of CO2 emissions, or even ones attention for watching an ad. While it has become easy to create a token, which is collectively managed by a public Web3 infrastructure like a blockchain network, the understanding of how to apply these tokens is still vague.

The industry keeps referring to “Blockchain” as different from “Bitcoin,” creating an artificial divide that is often misleading. There seems to be too little understanding about the fact that Bitcoin is a blockchain network, which is (a) globally managed by people who mostly do not know each other, and (b) enabled by the consensus protocol that (c) incentivizes all network actors for their contributions with a native token. The governance rules are tied to the minting of a native blockchain token. The Bitcoin token can, therefore, be seen as the currency of a distributed Internet tribe, called the Bitcoin network, where network actors are rewarded with Bitcoins, just as the Ether is the currency of the distributed Internet tribe Ethereum network, or Sia is the native currency of the Sia network. The Bitcoin network and other distributed ledgers all represent a collectively maintained public infrastructure and are the backbone of the next generation Internet, what the crypto community refers to as the Web3.

This book attempts to summarize existing knowledge about blockchain networks and other distributed ledgers as the backbone of the Web3, and contextualize the socio-economic implications of the Web3 applications such as smart contracts, tokens, and DAOs to the concepts of money, economics, governance and decentralized finance (DeFi).

Token Economy


Learn to Code Blockchain DApps By Building Simple Games

CryptoZombies is an interactive school that teaches you all things technical about blockchains. Learn to make smart contracts in Solidity or Libra by making your own crypto-collectibles game.

#1 Solidity Tutorial & Ethereum Blockchain Programming Course

CryptoZombies


More and more DeFi projects on Ethereum are getting hacked. This is your chance to join the party.

Each challenge can be considered standalone. Depending on the challenge, you should either stop the system from working, steal as much funds as you can, or do some other unexpected things.

Put your black hat on, and break some DeFi projects on Ethereum!

Damn Vulnerable DeFi


This is an interactive tutorial website for learning Vyper while building games using smart contracts, similar to Cryptozombies.

VyperFun


Blockchain is an exciting new discipline in Computer Science. It combines a wide array of skills from math and cryptography to social sciences and understanding organizations. Understanding blockchain decentralization and how/where to apply it is a brand new skill that very few have mastered.

You will build your skills from the ground up with strong fundamentals that will provide you with the ability to adapt in this rapidly evolving ecosystem.

Choose From Multiple Paths to Begin Your Ethereum Coding Journey.

Fast-track your Ethereum Developer career in an instructor-led and challenging bootcamp focused on discussion and application!

ChainShot


This is an initiative for the early solidity developers by those who were early developers sometime.

In this approach, we are looking to categorize the smart contract according to the difficulty level in multiple standards. For now, we are keeping the standard 0 to 5(can be discussed).

This initiative needs great support from Blockchain enthusiast, developer and researchers to build this school in a way which can attract learners and provide them ease for development.

First place for early developers to learn Solidity 

solidity-school


## Introductory Modules

- What is a SNARK?
- Building a SNARK (part 1)
- Building a SNARK (part 2)

## Whiteboard Sessions with ZK Projects​

- SNARKs vs. STARKS with Brendan and Bobbin
- PLONK and Custom Gates with Adrian Hamelink
- Lookup Arguments for Performance Optimisation with Mary Maller
- Zero Knowledge Virtual Machine (zkVM) with grjte
- Achieving Decentralised Private Computation with Pratyush Mishra
- Introduction to zkRollups with Barry Whitehat
- zkEVM with Jordi Baylina
- ZK Swaps with Henry de Valence
- zkID with Oleksandr Brezhniev
- Fast Recursion with Plonky2 with William Borgeaud

ZK Whiteboard Sessions is an educational series on all things zero knowledge

ZK Whiteboard Sessions


## What is a smart contract?

Smart contracts are the backbone of decentralized applications (DApps) and Web3. A smart contract is a simple program that lives on a blockchain network (such as Ethereum). They're actually not that smart. And nothing like a (legal) contract. They’re more like an executable piece of code that requires input or an trigger from an external source. They can validate those input conditions and if correct, execute their own logic to update the state on a blockchain.

## Benefits

They often serve the following purposes:
- Store and maintain data
- Manage relationships with users, or other contracts

Benefits of smart contracts are
- Immutable - once deployed none can change them
- Composable - they’re public and anyone can interact with them, or build on top of them. Much like public APIs

## Resources

The following resources have been the most popular resources on the site for a long time. These are all highly recommend to start learning about Solidity


### 1. Official Solidity website
The most obvious resources is ofcourse the official website and documentation of the Solidity team itself. The Solidity team covers all the core concepts and fundamentals of Solidity and smart contracts in general. Highly recommended

https://soliditylang.org/


### 2. Solidity by Example
The second one on the list is Solidity by Example. A great collection of more pratical examples, incl. source code and supporting videos.

https://solidity-by-example.org/


### 3. CryptoZombies 
CryptoZombies is an interactive school that teaches you all things technical about blockchains. A fun and interactive way to write smart contracts in Solidity by making your own crypto-collectibles game.

https://cryptozombies.io/


### 4. Speedrun Ethereum

Speedrun Ethereum helps you get to the next level. It teaches you how to build on Ethereum; the superpowers and the gotchas while you build up your Web3 portfolio. If you like this, also make sure to check out the other work of the amazing [Austin Griffith](https://twitter.com/austingriffith) such as [ETH-build](https://eth.build/) and [Scaffold-eth](https://scaffoldeth.io/).

https://speedrunethereum.com/


### 5. Smart Contract Best Practices 

Smart contracts are complex instruments that have the authority to allocate high-value resources between complex systems. Often working autonomously. With huge financial loss at risk. This makes them critical components in these systems. Development of such components requires thoughtful design, solid engineering practices, rigorous testing and a strong security mindset. This document provides a baseline knowledge of security considerations.

https://consensys.github.io/smart-contract-best-practices/


## Other resources

If you'd like to read more, make sure to checkout all the other [Solidity](/tags/smart%20contracts) resources on the site.

Solidity is a programming language designed for developing smart contracts that run on Ethereum. It's the most in demand skill in the Web3 space. These are the best resources to help you learn more about it.

Best resources to learn Solidity

Free resources to learn about Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) and Cryptography

Road to ZK


Web3 is about the next evolution of the web. A web that is more open, transparent and permissionless and runs on decentralized infrastructure such as blockchains. Global and decentralized applications (DApps) that anyone can interact with. They often have native assets integrated (such as Ether) to transact value, but are not just about money or payments. These decentralized applications offer a range of digitial services, such as storage, bandwidth and computation without any risk of downtime, censorship, fraud, or 3rd-party interference.

## Benefits

- **Open** - in that they are built from open-source software, by an open and accessible community of developers and executed in full view of the world. 
- **Trustless** - in that the network itself allows participants to interact publicly, or privately without a trusted third party
- **Permissionless** - in that anyone, both users and suppliers, can participate without authorisation from a governing body


## Opportunities

- Financial Tools (payments, fund raising, lending, borrowing,..)
- Identity solutions (self-sovereign, decentralized identifiers,..) 
- More secure voting and governance mechanisms
- Efficient resources management (CO2 tracking, smart grid’s,..)
- Digital ownership registries (e.g. land, collectibles, NFT’s,..)
- Supply chain tracking


## Web3 Development

[useWeb3](https://www.useweb3.xyz/) is a learning platform for developers to explore and learn about Web3. Whether you’re a new dev getting your hands dirty for the first time, or a seasoned developer making the transition into the Web3 space. 

Explore the latest resources, tutorials, challenges, tools, courses and boilerplates and start learning. Once you’re ready, browse the job board to land a job at some of the leading companies that work on core, open-source infrastructure, products, tools, frameworks, DAO's, etc.


## Further reading

- [A Cyberphunk's Manifesto](https://www.activism.net/cypherpunk/manifesto.html), Eric Hughes
- [The Meaning of Decentralization](https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/the-meaning-of-decentralization-a0c92b76a274), Vitalik Buterin
- [Why decentralization matters](https://onezero.medium.com/why-decentralization-matters-5e3f79f7638e), Chris Dixon
- [What Is Web 3.0 & Why It Matters](https://medium.com/fabric-ventures/what-is-web-3-0-why-it-matters-934eb07f3d2b), Max Mersch and Richard Muirhead
- [What exactly is Web3?](https://youtu.be/l44z35vabvA), Juan Benet (VIDEO)


Web3 is about the next evolution of the web. A web that is more open, transparent and decentralized.

What is Web3


Create Eth App supports multiple frontend frameworks. It comes with a host of decentralized finance templates pre-filled with contract ABIs, addresses and subgraphs. Everything you need to build a modern Ethereum-powered single-page app.

- Learning how to write Ethereum-powered apps in a comfortable and feature-rich development environment.
- Starting new Ethereum-powered single-page React applications without wasting time on copy-pasting boilerplates
- Creating examples with React for your Ethereum-related libraries and components.

Create Ethereum-powered apps with one command

Create Eth App


Everything you need to build on Ethereum!

Quickly experiment with Solidity using a frontend that adapts to your smart contract

Forkable Ethereum dev stack focused on fast product iterations

Scaffold-ETH


Introduces great features:

- React hooks - Uses React hooks as your primary building ingredient
- Auto refresh - Refreshes on a new block, wallet change or network change
- Multicall - Combines multiple blockchain calls into a single multicall

Combines the best practices:
- Modern stack - Employs ethers.js, web3-react, multicall & waffle
- Extendability - Extends easily with custom hooks
- Testability - Simple integration tests for UI and blockchain

Framework for rapid Dapp development. Simple. Robust. Extendable. Testable

useDapp


Becoming a blockchain engineer is the most fun, rewarding, and exhilarating choice I’ve and my colleagues have ever made. And we’ve already blazed the trail for you to get started! In this article, we will show you exactly how to learn to become a blockchain engineer, from beginner to professional.

Spoiler alert, here is the exact blueprint we are going to cover to get you to a successful blockchain engineer:

1. Understand why you should become a blockchain engineer
2. Take a Blockchain Course
3. Join a Hackathon, the Community, & Build
4. Start your own protocol, Take a job, Freelance & Contribute

If you make it this far, you’ve done it! Although, I’ll add a bonus step 5 that we will talk about soon.

5. You’ve made it! Keep learning!

That’s it! These are the exact steps you need to take to become a blockchain engineer!

Become a blockchain, solidity, and smart contract engineer by following these steps

Become a Blockchain Engineer


Odds are you’ve heard about the Ethereum blockchain, whether or not you know what it is. It’s been in the news a lot lately, including the cover of some major magazines, but reading those articles can be like gibberish if you don’t have a foundation for what exactly Ethereum is. So what is it? In essence, a public database that keeps a permanent record of digital transactions. Importantly, this database doesn’t require any central authority to maintain and secure it. Instead it operates as a “trustless” transactional system — a framework in which individuals can make peer-to-peer transactions without needing to trust a third party OR one another.

Still confused? That’s where this post comes in. My aim is to explain how Ethereum functions at a technical level, without complex math or scary-looking formulas. Even if you’re not a programmer, I hope you’ll walk away with at least better grasp of the tech. If some parts are too technical and difficult to grok, that’s totally fine! There’s really no need to understand every little detail. I recommend just focusing on understanding things at a broad level.

Many of the topics covered in this post are a breakdown of the concepts discussed in the yellow paper. I’ve added my own explanations and diagrams to make understanding Ethereum easier. Those brave enough to take on the technical challenge can also read the Ethereum yellow paper.

Many of the topics covered in this post are a breakdown of the concepts discussed in the yellow paper. I’ve added my own explanations and diagrams to make it easier.

How does Ethereum work, anyway?


I recently joined Edge & Node as a Developer Relations Engineer and have been diving deeper into smart contract development with Ethereum. I have settled upon what I think is the best stack for building full stack dApps with Solidity:

▶︎ Client Framework - React
▶︎ Ethereum development environment - Hardhat
▶︎ Ethereum Web Client Library - Ethers.js
▶︎ API layer - The Graph Protocol

Building Full Stack dApps with React, Ethers.js, Solidity, and Hardhat

The Complete Guide to Full Stack Ethereum Development


Educational sandbox for building on web3. Visually understand how Ethereum works by doing.

ETH.Build


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyMwXuJrbJQ

This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts in blockchain, smart contracts, solidity, NFTs/ERC721s, ERC20s, Coding Decentralized Finance (DeFi), javascript and solidity, Chainlink, Ethereum, upgradable smart contracts, and full stack blockchain development.   

Some of the technologies covered are:
- The Graph
- Chainlink
- Metamask
- Alchemy
- Remix
- Hardhat
- Solidity
- Openzeppelin
- Trail of Bits
- Ganache
- Ethers
- Etherscan
- Coinmarketcap
- Aave
- IPFS
- Fleek.hq
- Filecoin
- NextJS
- Moralis
- Web3uikit
- Opensea
- Pinata
- Nft.storage

 And more!

Follow along with the videos and you'll be a blockchain wizard in no time!  💻 The repository with helpful links to all code, resources, and support forums is located here: https://github.com/smartcontractkit/full-blockchain-solidity-course-js.

This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts related to blockchain, smart contracts, Solidity, ERC20s, full-stack Web3 dapps, decentralized finance (DeFi), JavaScript, TypeScript, Chainlink, Ethereum, upgradable smart contracts, DAOs, the graph, moralis, aave, IPFS, and more. Follow along with the videos and you'll be a blockchain wizard in no time!

Learn Blockchain, Solidity, and Full Stack Web3 Development with JavaScript – 32-Hour Course


Learning Solidity with a collection of YouTube videos and example code.

Learning Solidity


Here we collect and discuss the best DeFi & Blockchain researches and tools 

DeFi Developer roadmap


Nowadays there are countless well-made resources on how to learn blockchain development of all kinds and with different specializations in mind, however, it is still very hard to get guidance and personalized suggestions based on your interests. I am writing this guide in order to provide an aggregator of all the resources that I’ve found over the years, plus give some opinionated commentary on how to approach them and how to use them in order to maximize learning and practical understanding in order to get building cool things in the space as soon as possible.

This guide will focus on the Ethereum ecosystem as that’s where most developers and applications are. If you are interested in other ecosystems that are non-EVM compatible and are not L2s on Ethereum, then check out their respective documentation or guides written by their developer communities. Examples of other non-EVM compatible blockchains that are popular are Solana (Rust/Anchor), Polkadot (Rust/Substrate), Cosmos, Terra, and others. Most of these blockchains do or will support the EVM stack through various initiatives like Neon EVM (Solana), Moonbeam/Moonriver (Polkadot/Kusama), EVMOS (Cosmos), etc.

I really want this guide to become a community-sourced public good that everyone will be able to take advantage of. I will do my best to present it to the wider blockchain developer community to get constructive feedback, proofreading help, and insight into how to make it the best available guide available.

devpill.me


This document provides a baseline knowledge of security considerations for intermediate Solidity programmers. It is maintained by ConsenSys Diligence, with contributions from our friends in the broader Ethereum community.

A guide to Ethereum smart contract security best practices

Smart Contract Best Practices

documentation

good first issue

help wanted

titanoboa

Python

docs: internal functions

Features are now supported. But currently only used for EIP1559 on Ethereum Mainnet and Avalance (via #1934)
We should backfill it for other chains and think about other EIPs that could be useful in this contexxt.
Backfilling EIP155 and EIP1559 could also be automated by analyzing transactions.

enhancement

provides metadata for networkIDs and chainIDs

chains

Kotlin

Backfill features and add EIPs

We should update the bundle receipt to return additional information about the transaction. This means updating the `lookupReceipt()` method in the `BundleService`.

The bundle receipt currently looks like this:

```ts
export type BundleReceipt = {
  transactionIndex: string;
  transactionHash: string;
  bundleHash: string;
  blockHash: string;
  blockNumber: string;
};
```

As part of the provider work, we need to return an ethers transaction receipt that looks like this:

```ts
export interface TransactionReceipt {
  to: string;
  from: string;
  contractAddress: string,
  transactionIndex: number,
  root?: string,
  gasUsed: BigNumber,
  logsBloom: string,
  blockHash: string,
  transactionHash: string,
  logs: Array<Log>,
  blockNumber: number,
  confirmations: number,
  cumulativeGasUsed: BigNumber,
  effectiveGasPrice: BigNumber,
  byzantium: boolean,
  type: number;
  status?: number
};
```

The transaction receipt information is mostly derived from the bundle receipt, but there a several pieces of information missing. We can improve this by updating the `lookupReceipt()` method in the `BundleService`. 

As part of the BLS provider/signer work, we have overridden the ethers getTransactionReceipt() method which calls `_getTransactionReceipt()`. A developer would use this either by explicitly calling `provider.getTransactionReceipt()`, or more commonly, by calling it implicitly with `await tx.wait()` after sending a transaction.

We should update `_getTransactionReceipt()` so that it returns a more accurate transaction receipt in the `BlsProvider`.

Note: There are a few other TODOs that are related to this issue that should be completed as part of this work. In `bls-wallet`, search for "// TODO: bls-wallet #412" to find them


aggregator

clients

devExp

Core components to use layer 2 smart contract wallets with the BLS signature scheme

bls-wallet

TypeScript

Update values returned in bundle receipt to more closely match ethers transaction response

**As an** aggregator operator,
**I would like** to know if an aggregator instance is running,
**So I can** take action when it goes down/offline/crashes

### Recommendation
- Add a `/health` endpoint to the aggregator that just responds with `HTTP 200`. If the request times out then the agg is down.

### Considerations
- As part of the health endpoint being called, we may also want to run 'pings' against our postgres & rpc connections to make sure they are alive as well.


Add health endpoint to aggregator

Current RPC rpc.sepolia.dev is not responding and it's stuck like this 
![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13069972/203561793-a9d5f97b-3167-4814-96a9-d96caf2f001a.png)

Edit: 
- [ ] It makes sense to iterate over the RPCs in general for cases like this. Sepolia, like many networks, has multiple RPCs specified.

low-priority

Decentralized Solidity contract source code verification service

sourcify

[playground]: Sepolia (#11155111) RPC not connecting

Create a tooling section, and list all the tools that every SC developer should use

Guidelines and training material to write secure smart contracts

building-secure-contracts

Solidity

List relevant tools

A benchmark for Pedersen Array Hash can be found [here](https://github.com/NethermindEth/juno/blob/fb74b6401cd8f9043c4fdbeec0280a8be653cb61/core/pedersen_hash_test.go#L137-L165). Also `make benchmarks` will run all of Juno's benchmarks. 

The Pedersen Array benchmark creates random felts and then creates a final hash. To obtain valid results from [Pathfinder's benchmark](https://github.com/eqlabs/pathfinder/blob/main/crates/stark_hash/benches/stark_hash.rs) and Juno's implementation same input would need to be passed on the same machine. Therefore, it may require writing a new benchmark with fixed input.

juno

Benchmark Pedersen Hash implementation against Pathfinder

### Component

Forge

### Describe the feature you would like

Proposing to add a cheatcode like `envExists(string calldata key) returns (bool)` that will return `true` if the ENV key exists, and `false` if it doesn't exist.

**Reasoning:**
Right now there is no way to check if a specific ENV variable was set, and the whole script just reverts. This doesn't allow to have optional ENV keys, and requires setting all ENVs explicitly, even if they're optional for some test cases.

**Examples:**
- Having a `FORK` key to test on a fork VS testing on a local deployment. Currently the `FORK=` ENV variable should be present for the tests to run at all, even if the FORK is not used. Things get complicated if there are many such optional variables.
- Having a `MNEMONIC` or `PRIVATE_KEY` variables - there is no sense to have both of them - can use either. But with current behavior they both should be set (one left as an empty string) for the script to not revert.

### Additional context

_No response_

T-feature

C-forge

A-cheatcodes

D-easy

Foundry is a blazing fast, portable and modular toolkit for Ethereum application development written in Rust.

foundry

Rust

Add EnvExists cheatcode

It is desirable to have assertions in the beginning of a function because the compiler might be able to improve its optimization, and it is more readable for the users to understand the panic conditions of a function

_Originally posted by @bobbinth in https://github.com/maticnetwork/miden/pull/530#discussion_r1028397476_
      

assembly

miden

Move the assertions to the beginning of function

We should use [Range](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/struct.Range.html) for interval checks, given their nature to reduce chances of error for repeated checks, and will cause no overhead due to their efficient implementation

They are also idiomatic to Rust and expected in many libraries and trait implementations

_Originally posted by @vlopes11 in https://github.com/maticnetwork/miden/pull/526#discussion_r1027853113_
      

v0.4

Use core Range for interval checks

`authorities` is only used to check against a justification key in `verifyJustification`, it would be better to inject only authority keys as a set `map[string]struct{}` down to `verifyJustification` for faster lookups and to only inject what's necessary.

The grandpa service `authorities` method can be changed to:

```go
func (s *Service) authorityKeysSet() (authorityKeys map[string]struct{}) {
	authorityKeys = make(map[string]struct{}, len(s.state.voters))
	for _, voter := range s.state.voters {
		authority := &types.Authority{
			Key:    &voter.Key,
			Weight: voter.ID,
		}
		encodedKey := authority.Key.Encode()
		authorityKeys[string(encodedKey)] = struct{}{}
	}

	return authorityKeys
}
```


That way the block in `verifyJustification`:

```go
	for _, auth := range authorities {
		if bytes.Equal(auth.Key.Encode(), justificationKey) {
			return nil
		}
	}
```

can be replaced with faster lookups using

```go
_, has := authorityKeys[justificationKey]
if has {
  return nil
}
```

Type: Enhancement

Good First Issue

grandpa

🕸️ Go Implementation of the Polkadot Host

gossamer

lib/grandpa: use authority keys set for `verifyJustification`

## Description

Lighthouse outputs logs with a `service` field. For those of us monitoring lighthouse with datadog, this creates issues with how logs are categorized by datadog since `service` is a reserved field. Here's a sample log:

```
{"msg":"Execution endpoint is not synced","level":"WARN","ts":"2022-11-16T11:12:41.10838561Z","service":"deposit_contract_rpc","action":"trying fallback","last_seen_block_unix_timestamp":1612458123,"endpoint":"http://0.0.0.0:8551/, auth=true"}
```

This causes datadog to categorize the log as coming from a service called `deposit_contract_rpc` which is incorrect. Here's an example of that:

<img width="849" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1986950/202460721-b602dedb-0702-4336-9df2-c73ec1e80c5b.png">


## Version

I'm running the following docker image: sigp/lighthouse:v3.1.2

## Present Behaviour

Lighthouse outputs logs with a field called `service`

## Expected Behaviour

Ideally this field would be renamed to `subservice` or something similar. Another possible solution is to expose an environment variable to determine what this field should be called.

## Steps to resolve

We can set up log pipelines in datadog but that's a brittle solution.


UX-and-logs

lighthouse

Service attribute in logs pollutes datadog log ingestion/indexing

### Component

Anvil

### Have you ensured that all of these are up to date?

- [X] Foundry
- [X] Foundryup

### What version of Foundry are you on?

forge 0.2.0 (903a073 2022-11-14T00:07:04.292547Z)

### What command(s) is the bug in?

anvil

### Operating System

macOS (Apple Silicon)

### Describe the bug

Anvil creates abnormally large tmp files. 
```
xx@mac ~ % du -sh ~/.foundry
220G /Users/xx/.foundry
```
The scenario that lead to 220GB  anvil tmp file:
  1. at the beginning, we create a snapshot X of an empty chain
  2. we run our fuzz tests (lower thousands of transactions)
  3. we revert to the snapshot X
  4. we start fuzzing again from the initial state but with a different seed
  
  The tmp files get very large even when using anvil more normal scenarios (less txs, no snapshoting)

A few thoughts on how to improve anvil:
  1. remove the logs (cache) after reverting to a snapshot
  2. remove the logs after anvil_reset
  3. implement anvil_reset without parameters (ie a simple reset to a clean dev chain)
  4. prune the logs from unnecessary data - even basic tests without reverting  generates huge tmp files (this might be hard to implement but would be nice to have)

T-bug

D-average

C-anvil

abnormally large tmp files

When the user inputs a non-checksummed address to the Lookup UI we automatically checksum it and display the checksummed address in the UI and also in the URL.

1. user inputs 0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2
2. Result: 
<img width="1277" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13069972/202226994-071040c0-a4a4-4ec0-8474-2f7cc5ddb465.png">


However when looking up contracts directly with the URL the address is not checksummed in display, although it is checksummed internally in the server and the correct result is displayed. So it's a display issue

1. user goes to https://staging.sourcify.dev/#/lookup/0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2
2. Result: 
<img width="1242" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13069972/202227497-3640a1b8-377f-4749-98ba-b1b209e0cf3c.png">

Checksum the addresses also when they are input directly through the URL. 

quick-fix

Adress Checksumming in the Lookup UI with the url param

As a user, I want to be able to easily see my contract in the Sourcify repository after verification.

Add a link to the repo.sourcify.dev address in the UI after successful verification 

"... at Ethereum Mainnet: 0xab...cdef [View in Repository](https://repo.staging.sourcify.dev/contracts/full_match/1/0x1F98431c8aD98523631AE4a59f267346ea31F984/)"

<img width="827" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13069972/202224895-ee0c8cde-32eb-4bbb-b6ef-188fbd6c386f.png">


Add link to repository after successful verification

### Component

Forge

### Describe the feature you would like

A nice to have feature would to get some file metadata info via a cheatcode, this should roughly mirror: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/fs/struct.Metadata.html

additionally it'd be nice to return a list of files if the path is a directory, this should probably a separate cheatcode, (perhaps `walk`?)

### Additional context

_No response_

Add filesystem metadata and walk cheat codes

### Component

Forge

### Describe the feature you would like

Command used:
```
forge create MyContract.sol:MyContract --etherscan-api-key $POLYGONSCAN_APIKEY --verify
```

```
Deployed to: 0XFOO
Transaction hash: 0xTXTXTXTX
Starting contract verification...
Waiting for etherscan to detect contract deployment...
Start verifying contract `0xDEPLOYED` deployed on polygon
Error:
Compiler version has to be set in `foundry.toml`. If the project was not deployed with foundry, specify the version through `--compiler-version` flag.
```
Would be ideal to return early from the `Compiler version has to be set` instead of being stuck with a contract that was deployed that you have to reverify after in another step. Guessing it would be about detecting the `--verify` flag and start there.

### Additional context

_No response_

Cmd-forge-create

Verify Compiler Version is set BEFORE submitting the tx if --verify flag found

Following #4451, we should log whether bonsai-use-snapshots is enabled

~If you use a toml file to configure besu, it can be hard to tell what options are *actually live* on a deployment.~

~Logging at startup would be a simple solution to this, though we need to consider if this could leak any sensitive information.~

mainnet

logging

An enterprise-grade Java-based, Apache 2.0 licensed Ethereum client https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/besu

besu

Java

Log Bonsai Use Snapshots Config Options at Startup

**Describe the bug**
After calling personal.unlockAccount in CLI and pressing "Up" you will see *removed*. After stopping cli with Ctr^C information about previous unlockAccount calls will be available in a history

**To Reproduce**
Steps to reproduce the behavior:
1. Execute personal.unlockAccount in CLI.
2. Terminate with Ctrl^C.
3. Run CLI again.
4. Press "Up". See unlockAccount call

**Expected behavior**
unlockAccount should be unavailable in the history

**Desktop (please complete the following information):**
 - OS: Ubuntu
 - Version: 20.04

security

Our flagship Ethereum client for Linux, Windows, and macOS—full and actively developed.

nethermind

UnlockAccount call not removed from history after CLI termination

If we run into a `PUSH` opcode, put the value which is pushed into an (optional) field in EVMs `step` event

type: enhancement

package: evm

Monorepo for the Ethereum VM TypeScript Implementation

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