
Ethereum represents the gateway to a worldwide, decentralized computing paradigm. This platform enables you to run decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts that have no central points of failure or control, integrate with a payment network, and operate on an open blockchain. With this practical guide, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood provide everything you need to know about building smart contracts and DApps on Ethereum and other virtual-machine blockchains.

Discover why IBM, Microsoft, NASDAQ, and hundreds of other organizations are experimenting with Ethereum. This essential guide shows you how to develop the skills necessary to be an innovator in this growing and exciting new industry.

A guide to the operation and use of Ethereum and other EVM-compatible blockchains.

Mastering Ethereum


The story of the idealists, technologists, and opportunists fighting to bring cryptocurrency to the masses.

In their short history, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have gone through booms, busts, and internecine wars, recently reaching a market valuation of more than $2 trillion. The central promise of crypto endures—vast fortunes made from decentralized networks not controlled by any single entity and not yet regulated by many governments.

The recent growth of crypto would have been all but impossible if not for a brilliant young man named Vitalik Buterin and his creation: Ethereum. In this book, Laura Shin takes readers inside the founding of this novel cryptocurrency network, which enabled users to launch their own new coins, thus creating a new crypto fever. She introduces readers to larger-than-life characters like Buterin, the Web3 wunderkind; his short-lived CEO, Charles Hoskinson; and Joe Lubin, a former Goldman Sachs VP who became one of crypto’s most well-known billionaires. Sparks fly as these outsized personalities fight for their piece of a seemingly limitless new business opportunity.

This fascinating book shows the crypto market for what it really is: a deeply personal struggle to influence the coming revolution in money, culture, and power.

Idealism, Greed, Lies, and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze

The Cryptopians


Tokens - often referred to as cryptocurrencies - can represent anything from an asset to an access right, such as gold, diamonds, a fraction of a Picasso painting or an entry ticket to a concert. Tokens could also be used to reward social media contributions, incentivize the reduction of CO2 emissions, or even ones attention for watching an ad. While it has become easy to create a token, which is collectively managed by a public Web3 infrastructure like a blockchain network, the understanding of how to apply these tokens is still vague.

The industry keeps referring to “Blockchain” as different from “Bitcoin,” creating an artificial divide that is often misleading. There seems to be too little understanding about the fact that Bitcoin is a blockchain network, which is (a) globally managed by people who mostly do not know each other, and (b) enabled by the consensus protocol that (c) incentivizes all network actors for their contributions with a native token. The governance rules are tied to the minting of a native blockchain token. The Bitcoin token can, therefore, be seen as the currency of a distributed Internet tribe, called the Bitcoin network, where network actors are rewarded with Bitcoins, just as the Ether is the currency of the distributed Internet tribe Ethereum network, or Sia is the native currency of the Sia network. The Bitcoin network and other distributed ledgers all represent a collectively maintained public infrastructure and are the backbone of the next generation Internet, what the crypto community refers to as the Web3.

This book attempts to summarize existing knowledge about blockchain networks and other distributed ledgers as the backbone of the Web3, and contextualize the socio-economic implications of the Web3 applications such as smart contracts, tokens, and DAOs to the concepts of money, economics, governance and decentralized finance (DeFi).

Token Economy


Learn to Code Blockchain DApps By Building Simple Games

CryptoZombies is an interactive school that teaches you all things technical about blockchains. Learn to make smart contracts in Solidity or Libra by making your own crypto-collectibles game.

#1 Solidity Tutorial & Ethereum Blockchain Programming Course

CryptoZombies


More and more DeFi projects on Ethereum are getting hacked. This is your chance to join the party.

Each challenge can be considered standalone. Depending on the challenge, you should either stop the system from working, steal as much funds as you can, or do some other unexpected things.

Put your black hat on, and break some DeFi projects on Ethereum!

Damn Vulnerable DeFi


This is an interactive tutorial website for learning Vyper while building games using smart contracts, similar to Cryptozombies.

VyperFun


Blockchain is an exciting new discipline in Computer Science. It combines a wide array of skills from math and cryptography to social sciences and understanding organizations. Understanding blockchain decentralization and how/where to apply it is a brand new skill that very few have mastered.

You will build your skills from the ground up with strong fundamentals that will provide you with the ability to adapt in this rapidly evolving ecosystem.

Choose From Multiple Paths to Begin Your Ethereum Coding Journey.

Fast-track your Ethereum Developer career in an instructor-led and challenging bootcamp focused on discussion and application!

ChainShot


This is an initiative for the early solidity developers by those who were early developers sometime.

In this approach, we are looking to categorize the smart contract according to the difficulty level in multiple standards. For now, we are keeping the standard 0 to 5(can be discussed).

This initiative needs great support from Blockchain enthusiast, developer and researchers to build this school in a way which can attract learners and provide them ease for development.

First place for early developers to learn Solidity 

solidity-school


## Introductory Modules

- What is a SNARK?
- Building a SNARK (part 1)
- Building a SNARK (part 2)

## Whiteboard Sessions with ZK Projects​

- SNARKs vs. STARKS with Brendan and Bobbin
- PLONK and Custom Gates with Adrian Hamelink
- Lookup Arguments for Performance Optimisation with Mary Maller
- Zero Knowledge Virtual Machine (zkVM) with grjte
- Achieving Decentralised Private Computation with Pratyush Mishra
- Introduction to zkRollups with Barry Whitehat
- zkEVM with Jordi Baylina
- ZK Swaps with Henry de Valence
- zkID with Oleksandr Brezhniev
- Fast Recursion with Plonky2 with William Borgeaud

ZK Whiteboard Sessions is an educational series on all things zero knowledge

ZK Whiteboard Sessions


## What is a smart contract?

Smart contracts are the backbone of decentralized applications (DApps) and Web3. A smart contract is a simple program that lives on a blockchain network (such as Ethereum). They're actually not that smart. And nothing like a (legal) contract. They’re more like an executable piece of code that requires input or an trigger from an external source. They can validate those input conditions and if correct, execute their own logic to update the state on a blockchain.

## Benefits

They often serve the following purposes:
- Store and maintain data
- Manage relationships with users, or other contracts

Benefits of smart contracts are
- Immutable - once deployed none can change them
- Composable - they’re public and anyone can interact with them, or build on top of them. Much like public APIs

## Resources

The following resources have been the most popular resources on the site for a long time. These are all highly recommend to start learning about Solidity


### 1. Official Solidity website
The most obvious resources is ofcourse the official website and documentation of the Solidity team itself. The Solidity team covers all the core concepts and fundamentals of Solidity and smart contracts in general. Highly recommended

https://soliditylang.org/


### 2. Solidity by Example
The second one on the list is Solidity by Example. A great collection of more pratical examples, incl. source code and supporting videos.

https://solidity-by-example.org/


### 3. CryptoZombies 
CryptoZombies is an interactive school that teaches you all things technical about blockchains. A fun and interactive way to write smart contracts in Solidity by making your own crypto-collectibles game.

https://cryptozombies.io/


### 4. Speedrun Ethereum

Speedrun Ethereum helps you get to the next level. It teaches you how to build on Ethereum; the superpowers and the gotchas while you build up your Web3 portfolio. If you like this, also make sure to check out the other work of the amazing [Austin Griffith](https://twitter.com/austingriffith) such as [ETH-build](https://eth.build/) and [Scaffold-eth](https://scaffoldeth.io/).

https://speedrunethereum.com/


### 5. Smart Contract Best Practices 

Smart contracts are complex instruments that have the authority to allocate high-value resources between complex systems. Often working autonomously. With huge financial loss at risk. This makes them critical components in these systems. Development of such components requires thoughtful design, solid engineering practices, rigorous testing and a strong security mindset. This document provides a baseline knowledge of security considerations.

https://consensys.github.io/smart-contract-best-practices/


## Other resources

If you'd like to read more, make sure to checkout all the other [Solidity](/tags/smart%20contracts) resources on the site.

Solidity is a programming language designed for developing smart contracts that run on Ethereum. It's the most in demand skill in the Web3 space. These are the best resources to help you learn more about it.

Best resources to learn Solidity


This handbook is for people who are interested in exploring the vision behind “Web3”, and who wish to acquire in-demand skills that are essential to realizing that vision.  

A Handbook for Smart Contract Development

Learn Solidity

Free resources to learn about Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) and Cryptography

Road to ZK


Create Eth App supports multiple frontend frameworks. It comes with a host of decentralized finance templates pre-filled with contract ABIs, addresses and subgraphs. Everything you need to build a modern Ethereum-powered single-page app.

- Learning how to write Ethereum-powered apps in a comfortable and feature-rich development environment.
- Starting new Ethereum-powered single-page React applications without wasting time on copy-pasting boilerplates
- Creating examples with React for your Ethereum-related libraries and components.

Create Ethereum-powered apps with one command

Create Eth App


**Features**
- Next.js
- Ethereum
- Typescript
- Chakra UI
- Wagmi
- Connectkit
- Ethers.js

An open-source Next.js + Ethereum starter kit to quickly ship Web3 Apps

Nexth Starter kit


Everything you need to build on Ethereum!

Quickly experiment with Solidity using a frontend that adapts to your smart contract

Forkable Ethereum dev stack focused on fast product iterations

Scaffold-ETH


Becoming a blockchain engineer is the most fun, rewarding, and exhilarating choice I’ve and my colleagues have ever made. And we’ve already blazed the trail for you to get started! In this article, we will show you exactly how to learn to become a blockchain engineer, from beginner to professional.

Spoiler alert, here is the exact blueprint we are going to cover to get you to a successful blockchain engineer:

1. Understand why you should become a blockchain engineer
2. Take a Blockchain Course
3. Join a Hackathon, the Community, & Build
4. Start your own protocol, Take a job, Freelance & Contribute

If you make it this far, you’ve done it! Although, I’ll add a bonus step 5 that we will talk about soon.

5. You’ve made it! Keep learning!

That’s it! These are the exact steps you need to take to become a blockchain engineer!

Become a blockchain, solidity, and smart contract engineer by following these steps

Become a Blockchain Engineer


Odds are you’ve heard about the Ethereum blockchain, whether or not you know what it is. It’s been in the news a lot lately, including the cover of some major magazines, but reading those articles can be like gibberish if you don’t have a foundation for what exactly Ethereum is. So what is it? In essence, a public database that keeps a permanent record of digital transactions. Importantly, this database doesn’t require any central authority to maintain and secure it. Instead it operates as a “trustless” transactional system — a framework in which individuals can make peer-to-peer transactions without needing to trust a third party OR one another.

Still confused? That’s where this post comes in. My aim is to explain how Ethereum functions at a technical level, without complex math or scary-looking formulas. Even if you’re not a programmer, I hope you’ll walk away with at least better grasp of the tech. If some parts are too technical and difficult to grok, that’s totally fine! There’s really no need to understand every little detail. I recommend just focusing on understanding things at a broad level.

Many of the topics covered in this post are a breakdown of the concepts discussed in the yellow paper. I’ve added my own explanations and diagrams to make understanding Ethereum easier. Those brave enough to take on the technical challenge can also read the Ethereum yellow paper.

Many of the topics covered in this post are a breakdown of the concepts discussed in the yellow paper. I’ve added my own explanations and diagrams to make it easier.

How does Ethereum work, anyway?


I recently joined Edge & Node as a Developer Relations Engineer and have been diving deeper into smart contract development with Ethereum. I have settled upon what I think is the best stack for building full stack dApps with Solidity:

▶︎ Client Framework - React
▶︎ Ethereum development environment - Hardhat
▶︎ Ethereum Web Client Library - Ethers.js
▶︎ API layer - The Graph Protocol

Building Full Stack dApps with React, Ethers.js, Solidity, and Hardhat

The Complete Guide to Full Stack Ethereum Development


Educational sandbox for building on web3. Visually understand how Ethereum works by doing.

ETH.Build


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyMwXuJrbJQ

This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts in blockchain, smart contracts, solidity, NFTs/ERC721s, ERC20s, Coding Decentralized Finance (DeFi), javascript and solidity, Chainlink, Ethereum, upgradable smart contracts, and full stack blockchain development.   

Some of the technologies covered are:
- The Graph
- Chainlink
- Metamask
- Alchemy
- Remix
- Hardhat
- Solidity
- Openzeppelin
- Trail of Bits
- Ganache
- Ethers
- Etherscan
- Coinmarketcap
- Aave
- IPFS
- Fleek.hq
- Filecoin
- NextJS
- Moralis
- Web3uikit
- Opensea
- Pinata
- Nft.storage

 And more!

Follow along with the videos and you'll be a blockchain wizard in no time!  💻 The repository with helpful links to all code, resources, and support forums is located here: https://github.com/smartcontractkit/full-blockchain-solidity-course-js.

This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts related to blockchain, smart contracts, Solidity, ERC20s, full-stack Web3 dapps, decentralized finance (DeFi), JavaScript, TypeScript, Chainlink, Ethereum, upgradable smart contracts, DAOs, the graph, moralis, aave, IPFS, and more. Follow along with the videos and you'll be a blockchain wizard in no time!

Learn Blockchain, Solidity, and Full Stack Web3 Development with JavaScript – 32-Hour Course


Learning Solidity with a collection of YouTube videos and example code.

Learning Solidity


Here we collect and discuss the best DeFi & Blockchain researches and tools 

DeFi Developer roadmap


Nowadays there are countless well-made resources on how to learn blockchain development of all kinds and with different specializations in mind, however, it is still very hard to get guidance and personalized suggestions based on your interests. I am writing this guide in order to provide an aggregator of all the resources that I’ve found over the years, plus give some opinionated commentary on how to approach them and how to use them in order to maximize learning and practical understanding in order to get building cool things in the space as soon as possible.

This guide will focus on the Ethereum ecosystem as that’s where most developers and applications are. If you are interested in other ecosystems that are non-EVM compatible and are not L2s on Ethereum, then check out their respective documentation or guides written by their developer communities. Examples of other non-EVM compatible blockchains that are popular are Solana (Rust/Anchor), Polkadot (Rust/Substrate), Cosmos, Terra, and others. Most of these blockchains do or will support the EVM stack through various initiatives like Neon EVM (Solana), Moonbeam/Moonriver (Polkadot/Kusama), EVMOS (Cosmos), etc.

I really want this guide to become a community-sourced public good that everyone will be able to take advantage of. I will do my best to present it to the wider blockchain developer community to get constructive feedback, proofreading help, and insight into how to make it the best available guide available.

devpill.me


This document provides a baseline knowledge of security considerations for intermediate Solidity programmers. It is maintained by ConsenSys Diligence, with contributions from our friends in the broader Ethereum community.

A guide to Ethereum smart contract security best practices

Smart Contract Best Practices

### What is wrong?

The new parser (v2 branch) only supports augmented-assignments where the LHS is an identifier. Eg `x += 1` is supported, but `x.y += 1` isn't.

### How can it be fixed

Good opportunity for someone to become familiar with the new parser, I guess.

good first issue

Emerging smart contract language for the Ethereum blockchain.

Rust

v2 parser AugAssign stmt doesn't allow `x[0] += 1`

Currently, `mttn` assumes a pretty well-behaved program to trace. Add logging capabilities to `mttn` to expose if the traced program has SEGFAULT'd.

This includes research on how (if possible!) to catch signals within each step of the child process.

enhancement

pri:med

mttn

An experimental Tiny86 decoder and verifier for SIEVE

sholva

Verilog

mttn: enable logging of SEGFAULT'd tracee

In addition to being able to solve the witness for the circuit and run the prover, gnark has a feature where we represent all witness values as `*big.Int` and just run the computations. This feature (called the test engine) is very useful for writing and debugging complex circuits as we can compare the intermediate results to natively computed results.

Right now however, as the variables in test engines are vanilla `*big.Int`, we lose a bit of context - is the input a variable or a constant. In the frontend and gadgets we frequently take different paths depending on this bit. In order to ensure that the different computation paths are compatible, we have the [`SetAllVariablesAsConstants`](https://github.com/ConsenSys/gnark/blob/master/test/engine.go#L74) option. But this doesn't capture the situation where some of the inputs are variables and some constants.

It would be good to embed the variables in test engine which allows to capture the constantness bit. 

consolidate

gnark is a fast zk-SNARK library that offers a high-level API to design circuits. The library is open source and developed under the Apache 2.0 license

gnark

fix: test engine does not differentiate between constants and variables

While waiting for a more general SMT solver integration in gnark (see https://github.com/cvc5/cvc5/discussions/9532 ), it would be interesting to design and develop a separate tool that takes as input a constraint system, and detect under-constrained circuits (and if one valid witness can lead to different valid solutions). 

See for example https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/512 . 

Depending on findings / ease of integration (pure Go, no CGO), it may end up as part of the compile process or live as an external binary tool. 

spike

Detect under-constrained circuits / wires

For BLS signatures it is useful to support hash-to-curve (both G1 and G2) for BN254(?) and BLS12-381. The methods should be compatible with the counterparts in gnark-crypto.

new feature

feat: hash to curve

We already have some G2 arithmetic methods in #629, but it would be better to also have scalar multiplication and base point multiplication.

feat: G2 arithmetic in-circuit

(post #641 ).

Currently, the parallelization of the constraint system solver is a bit naive. It relies on the "level builder". Essentially, we look at all the wires that appears in each instructions (constraints and hints), to build a dependency tree. 

Then at solving time, we say "at level 0, we can solve constraint 0,2,5,7 independently". "at level 1, we can solve constraint 1,8,9,10... independently" etc. So the solver fires n go routines that synchronize at each level. 

Main issues and avenue for improvements;
* there is no weight. a constraint which needs 4 multiplication to solve as the same weight (1) as a hint that may need 40x time CPU time using big.Int arithmetic. So work is not necessary equally distributed. 
* the strategy is the same, independently of the number of CPU the target system has.

This is an optimization problem (job / task scheduling) and we want to optimize for wall clock. Some approaches reduce need for synchronization by solving several times the same constraint in different threads, etc.. 

Should be possible to build a tool, possibly completly independent from gnark that takes as input a constraint system and a number of CPUs, and output a data structure that gnark solver uses at run time to solve the constraint system. Using an external solver like [Google's OR Tool](https://developers.google.com/optimization) could help, though ideally, for build convenience like the rest of gnark framework, pure Go with no CGO would be better.

perf

zk-evm

Pre compute an optimal parallel solving strategy

**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**

The current Semaphore Explorer doesn't support all networks supported by Semaphore.

**Describe the solution you'd like**

It can use both the `@semaphore-protocol/data` classes (`SemaphoreSubgraph` and `SemaphoreEthers`) to fetch data from all networks supported by Semaphore.


feature :rocket:

explorer

TypeScript

Support all networks

Do you think there could be any issue with treating Hash as transmutable into `[u8; Hash::LENGTH]` considering it's a `repr(C)` struct with two fields?

I'm slightly concerned about the effects on the calling convention, though probably that's not an issue

_Originally posted by @mversic in https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha/pull/3336#discussion_r1152903861_
            

help wanted

question

iroha2

Iroha - A simple, enterprise-grade decentralized ledger

iroha

Transmuting hash into array

### Describe the bug

text is overflowing on smaller browser sizes (tablet / mobile)

### To reproduce

1. Go to https://ethereum.org/en/layer-2/
2. Scroll down to 'Add dapp'
3. See error (mobile / tablet)


### Expected behavior

button text not overflowing, if necessary move button bellow on a new line (on mobile)



### Screenshots

<img width="469" alt="Screenshot 2023-04-17 at 17 38 37" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100724231/232487055-eda03f2b-da72-45fd-9007-b3e81d885bf3.png">

### Desktop (please complete the following information)

_No response_

### Smartphone (please complete the following information)

_No response_

### Additional context

_No response_

### Would you like to work on this issue?

- [ ] Yes
- [X] No

bug :bug:

needs-triage

Ethereum.org is a primary online resource for the Ethereum community.

ethereum-org-website

Markdown

Bug report: overflowing text in a button on DAPPs page

## Issue summary

Currently, we have several flags to set the log-level of the modules.
- `--log` to set the global log-level
- Module specific flags (`--lcore`, `--lrpc` etc) to set the module log-level

We could use a single flag to accept all the log-levels. For example:
`--log global:info, core:debug, rpc:crit`

## Other information and links

This was noticed during the CLI refactor (#3173) and was decided to pick it up at a later stage

Discussion around the CLI refactor: #3171 
CLI refactor main issue: #3163 

Type: Enhancement

Good First Issue

🕸️ Go Implementation of the Polkadot Host

gossamer

Use a single flag for log-level in the CLI

The [op_token_distributions_optimism.transfer_mapping](https://dune.com/queries/2370566) abstraction table in Dune is generated by first identifying distribution recipient project wallets, then pulling all OP transfer transactions from those wallets.

If you notice a wallet that is not being picked up, you can add it in the [Dune spellbook here](https://github.com/duneanalytics/spellbook/blob/main/models/op/token_distributions/optimism/op_token_distributions_optimism_project_wallets.sql).
- Add the wallet to the `intermediate_wallets` if the wallet represents an internal team wallet (i.e. team multisig).
- Add the wallet to the `distributor_wallets` if the wallet represents a token distribution wallet (i.e. airdrop distributior, liquidity mining gauge).

Onchain Data, Utilities, References, and other Analytics on Optimism

op-analytics

Jupyter Notebook

[Request for Contributions] OP Rewards: Project Wallet Mapping

There currently is no onchain identification of what contracts belong to which apps. To get around this, we have a system in Dune Spellbook, where we can map contract deployer addresses to project names, and automatically associate any contracts they create.

The output of this structure - All known contract <> project mappings is in [this dashboard](https://dune.com/optimismfnd/optimism-contract-lessgreater-project-mappings).

This requires manual upkeep. If you notice any missing mappings, you can contribute by:
- Adding a deployer address (address who created the contract) to project name in the [Dune spellbook here](https://github.com/duneanalytics/spellbook/blob/main/models/contracts/optimism/contracts_optimism_contract_creator_address_list.sql). *Note: Since we'll associate of their contracts to a project, check that this mapping appears to be deterministic.*
- Add a one-off label to the contract in the [Dune spellbook here](https://github.com/duneanalytics/spellbook/blob/main/models/contracts/optimism/contracts_optimism_contract_overrides.sql). This is useful for when it's unclear if the deployer address belongs to the project, or other edge cases.

[Request for Contribution] OP Contract <> Project Mapping

For the most part AFLplusplus (https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus) just works better than AFL these days, we should add it as a built-in backend, since the process is almost trivially different than AFL anyway.



fuzzing

HIGH PRIORITY

front-ends

A unit test-like interface for fuzzing and symbolic execution

deepstate

Python

Add AFLplusplus

### Describe the desired feature

Identify which reentrancy exploits in my [collection repo](https://github.com/pcaversaccio/reentrancy-attacks) are currently overlooked by Slither and report them individually. Based on these findings, the reentrancy detectors can be (hopefully) improved.

slither

Identify missed reentrancy exploits by Slither

On Ubuntu 20.04, Docker build of deepstate-base fails:

```
$ sudo docker build -t deepstate-base -f docker/base/Dockerfile docker/base
[+] Building 0.9s (11/15)
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                             0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 1.41kB                                                           0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                  0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for [docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04](http://docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04)                                  0.6s
 => [auth] library/ubuntu:pull token for [registry-1.docker.io](http://registry-1.docker.io/)                                    0.0s
 => [ 1/10] FROM [docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04@sha256:8aa9c2798215f99544d1ce7439ea9c3a6dfd82de](http://docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04@sha256:8aa9c2798215f99544d1ce7439ea9c3a6dfd82de)  0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring context: 33B                                                                 0.0s
 => CACHED [ 2/10] RUN apt-get update     && apt-get -y install sudo     && useradd -ms /bin/ba  0.0s
 => CACHED [ 3/10] COPY /sudoers.txt /etc/sudoers                                                0.0s
 => CACHED [ 4/10] WORKDIR /home/user                                                            0.0s
 => CACHED [ 5/10] RUN chown -R user:user /home/user                                             0.0s
 => ERROR [ 6/10] RUN sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y build-essential     gcc-multil  0.3s
------
 > [ 6/10] RUN sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y build-essential     gcc-multilib g++-multilib cmake     python3-setuptools libffi-dev z3 python3-pip     git wget lsb-release software-properties-common     && sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*:
#0 0.246 sudo: /etc/sudoers is world writable
#0 0.246 sudo: no valid sudoers sources found, quitting
#0 0.246 sudo: unable to initialize policy plugin
------
Dockerfile:15
--------------------
  14 |     # Install general dependencies
  15 | >>> RUN sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y build-essential \
  16 | >>>     gcc-multilib g++-multilib cmake \
  17 | >>>     python3-setuptools libffi-dev z3 python3-pip \
  18 | >>>     git wget lsb-release software-properties-common \
  19 | >>>     && sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
  20 |
--------------------
ERROR: failed to solve: process "/bin/sh -c sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y build-essential     gcc-multilib g++-multilib cmake     python3-setuptools libffi-dev z3 python3-pip     git wget lsb-release software-properties-common     && sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*" did not complete successfully: exit code: 1
```

Removing `sudo` from the relevant location allows build to proceed, but still fails in the DeepState build itself:

```
$ sudo docker build -t deepstate --build-arg make_j=6 -f ./docker/Dockerfile .
[+] Building 0.3s (9/19)
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                             0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 4.28kB                                                           0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring context: 177B                                                                0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for [docker.io/library/deepstate-base:latest](http://docker.io/library/deepstate-base:latest)                         0.0s
 => CACHED [afl 1/3] FROM [docker.io/library/deepstate-base](http://docker.io/library/deepstate-base)                                       0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring context: 4.67kB                                                              0.0s
 => CACHED [afl 2/3] COPY ./docker/install_afl.sh ./                                             0.0s
 => CACHED [afl 3/3] RUN bash install_afl.sh 6                                                   0.0s
 => CACHED [eclipser 2/3] COPY ./docker/install_eclipser.sh ./                                   0.0s
 => ERROR [eclipser 3/3] RUN bash install_eclipser.sh 6                                          0.2s
------
 > [eclipser 3/3] RUN bash install_eclipser.sh 6:
#0 0.237 sudo: /etc/sudoers is world writable
#0 0.237 sudo: no valid sudoers sources found, quitting
#0 0.237 sudo: unable to initialize policy plugin
------
Dockerfile:17
--------------------
  15 |     COPY ./docker/install_eclipser.sh ./
  16 |     ARG make_j
  17 | >>> RUN bash install_eclipser.sh $make_j
  18 |
  19 |     # -- Angora
--------------------
ERROR: failed to solve: process "/bin/sh -c bash install_eclipser.sh $make_j" did not complete successfully: exit code: 1
```

Removing all obvious 'sudo's doesn't help.

Docker Build Fails

The current process and description confuses a number of people, does not note which dependencies are available for which OS versions, and does not help with troubleshooting problems.

usability

Improve Build Documentation and Process

## Info

Currently using a string for the zksolc-manager, we should refactor to use semversion

foundry-zksync

Use semversion instead of string for zksolc compiler

Aries Framework JavaScript (Built using TypeScript)

aries-framework-javascript

CLI demo broken, espeically when running multiple times

When we create a pure proxy, it's by default an "Any" proxy.
Now any account can create other types of proxies. This is also supported by Multix, but it's not displayed anywhere.

E.g you can watch a signatory of `DCZyhphXsRLcW84G9WmWEXtAA8DKGtVGSFZLJYty8Ajjyfa` on Kusama (this is the ChaosDAO pure proxy) like `CrbJuFZWjY3yft424EMTY9hdbWoU878DFs74v3a8nNDeKJD` and you will see that there are 2 multisigs behind the pure proxy, one of which has the type "Any", the other "Governance".

The information regarding the type of proxy is available on the indexer in the `ProxyAccount` type.
https://github.com/ChainSafe/Multix/blob/main/squid/schema.graphql#L32

Contribute to open-source Web3 projects

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✨ Privacy & Scaling Explorations

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