
The EVM is a central part of Ethereum. It is Ethereum’s execution engine, responsible for executing Ethereum programs, also called Smart Contracts.

In this tutorial we are going to build the EVM from scratch. However, this is not a reference implementation. I will omit implementation details if I believe they are not necessary for understanding how the EVM works. This is about learning the core concepts of the EVM from first principles.

That is why I want to call it a mini-EVM. A working but simplified version of the real thing. A virtual machine that takes in an Ethereum program as input and executes that.


In this tutorial you are going to build the EVM from scratch.

Build the EVM from scratch


Node Guardians is a platform for builders, thinkers, and stakers. Our mission is to bolster innovative and promising crypto ecosystems, and contribute to the future of a decentralized internet. We do this through education and infrastructure.

### Education

Ecosystems need talented builders. There is a need to onboard and upgrade more developers into industry-standard builders across different protocols. We design a catalog of coding challenges that aim to engage smart contract developers of all levels, and equip them with knowledge on how to build safer, better, and smarter.

Beyond practical skills, we also aim to empower the space with theoretical knowledge in an unbiased manner, through growing a library of literature on crypto history, technology, and economics, written by us and the community.

### Infrastructure

Ecosystems need decentralized security. For proof-of-stake chains, this means more stakers and validators. We provide infrastructure for non-custodial staking that places an emphasis on availability and security. This enables users to stake their assets, act as validators in the ecosystem, and earn rewards.

On-chain governance is taken very seriously at Node Guardians. As validators, we aim to vote on proposals that push towards more decentralized & robust protocols, and proposals that are aligned with our community’s interests.  Expect full transparency on our governance choices through regular recaps.

a platform for builders, thinkers, and stakers. Our mission is to bolster innovative and promising crypto ecosystems, and contribute to the future of a decentralized internet.

Node Guardians


Speed Run Ethereum aims to provide a structured learning path for onboarding developers to Ethereum.

Ethereum Dev Speed Run with a framework for submitting challenges, get feedback from ethereum builders, and in the process unlocking new challenges and proof of completion.

Speedrun Ethereum

Green Pill is about crypto-economic systems that create positive externalities for the world. Exploring the intersection of programmable money, game theory, & mechanism design.

Green Pill

Explore the minds of world-class web3 hackers, smart contract protocol developers, startup founders, and cybersecurity specialists

Scraping Bits

Our mission is to educate, empower, and enrich those who are in our community. Learning about Layer2 scalability to help you make educated choices in this new space.

The Rollup


Create Eth App supports multiple frontend frameworks. It comes with a host of decentralized finance templates pre-filled with contract ABIs, addresses and subgraphs. Everything you need to build a modern Ethereum-powered single-page app.

- Learning how to write Ethereum-powered apps in a comfortable and feature-rich development environment.
- Starting new Ethereum-powered single-page React applications without wasting time on copy-pasting boilerplates
- Creating examples with React for your Ethereum-related libraries and components.

Create Ethereum-powered apps with one command

Create Eth App


Included in the (beta) release of web3.py v7 are some important and exciting updates to the asynchronous providers:

- The AsyncIPCProvider is live.
- WebsocketProviderV2 has graduated from beta and been renamed to WebSocketProvider (note the capital S).
- The original WebsocketProvider has been deprecated and renamed to LegacyWebSocketProvider.

In this post, we're diving into the new and improved WebSocketProvider. We'll introduce the WebSocket protocol, why the WebSocketProvider got a makeover, and how to use the new features.

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🏗️ Create Eth App

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